{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T05:56:26Z","timestamp":1774590986438,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Crimean\u2013Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and dengue virus (DENV) are endemic to Pakistan. Patients presenting with symptoms of fever, bleeding, and rash cannot be distinguished without appropriate testing. We report data on 354 samples tested for CCHFV at The Aga Khan University Hospital in Pakistan between 2007 and 2013. All samples were tested for the presence of CCHFV RNA. Some samples were also tested for DENV RNA, NS-1 antigen, and\/or reactive immunoglobulin M antibodies. Of 354 clinical specimens screened for CCHFV, 52 specimens were positive, with 24 cases in 2013 alone. Most cases were from Sindh and Baluchistan, which border other CCHFV-endemic regions: Iran and Afghanistan. Among CCHFV-negative samples, 168 samples were tested for DENV, and 36% of these samples were found to be DENV-positive. Rapid differentiation of CCHFV and DENV can prevent nosocomial transmission and result in time and cost savings for patients and healthcare workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T03:10:13Z","timestamp":1413256213000},"page":"1243-1246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Diagnostic Testing for Hemorrhagic Fevers in Pakistan: 2007\u20132013"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azra","family":"Samreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Hewson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"941","article-title":"Nosocomial outbreak of viral hemorrhagic fever caused by Crimean hemorrhagic fever-Congo virus in Pakistan. January 1976","volume":"29","author":"Burney","year":"1980"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Euro Surveill","first-page":"19504","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Europe: current situation calls for preparedness","volume":"15","author":"Maltezou","year":"2010"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"364","article-title":"Clinical features of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"25","author":"Schwarz","year":"1997"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"37","article-title":"Bi-annual surge of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF): a five-year experience","volume":"9","author":"Sheikh","year":"2005"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"577","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: experience at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"99","author":"Jamil","year":"2005"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"J Med Virol","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Pakistan","volume":"80","author":"Rai","year":"2008"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"878","article-title":"Outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Quetta, Pakistan: contact tracing and risk assessment","volume":"3","author":"Altaf","year":"1998"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Public Health","first-page":"11","article-title":"A review of dengue as an emerging disease in Pakistan","volume":"127","author":"Rasheed","year":"2013"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Virol J","first-page":"275","article-title":"Evolution and heterogeneity of multiple serotypes of Dengue virus in Pakistan, 2006\u20132011","volume":"10","author":"Koo","year":"2013"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"364","article-title":"Clinical features of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"25","author":"Schwarz","year":"1997"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"786","article-title":"Development of a real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"12","author":"Atkinson","year":"2012"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2323","article-title":"Rapid detection and quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg viruses, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus by real-time reverse transcription-PCR","volume":"40","author":"Drosten","year":"2002"},{"issue":"issue 40","key":"R13","series-title":"Weekly Epidemiological Monitor 6","author":"EMRO-World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"442","article-title":"A sero-epidemiological survey for certain arboviruses (Togaviridae) in Pakistan","volume":"77","author":"Darwish","year":"1983"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"Scand J Infect Dis","first-page":"978","article-title":"Suspected Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in Albania","volume":"40","author":"Papa","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/6\/article-p1243.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/6\/article-p1243.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/6\/article-p1243.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:04:28Z","timestamp":1723064668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/91\/6\/article-p1243.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0383","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,3]]}}}