{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:01:52Z","timestamp":1791241312628,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Few studies have focused on Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) transmission in less arid, transitional landscapes surrounding known high-risk regions. The objective of this study was to identify evidence of RVFV exposure in Bodhei Village in a forested area at the edge of the RVFV-epidemic Garissa region. In a household cluster-based survey conducted between epidemics in early 2006, 211 participants were enrolled. Overall seroprevalence for anti-RVFV was high (18%) and comparable with rates in the more arid, dense brush regions farther north. Seroprevalence of adults was 28%, whereas that of children was significantly lower (3%;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001); the youngest positive child was age 3 years. Males were more likely to be seropositive than females (25% versus 11%;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01), and animal husbandry activities (birthing, sheltering, and butchering) were strongly associated with seropositivity. The results confirm that significant RVFV transmission occurs outside of recognized high-risk areas and independent of known epidemic periods.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,22]],"date-time":"2014-12-22T21:41:36Z","timestamp":1419284496000},"page":"394-400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cross-Sectional Survey of Rift Valley Fever Virus Exposure in Bodhei Village Located in a Transitional Coastal Forest Habitat in Lamu County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Muiruri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ephantus W.","family":"Kabiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Muchiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Kagondu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Desir\u00e9e","family":"LaBeaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Res Virol","first-page":"67","article-title":"Rift Valley fever among domestic animals in the recent West African outbreak","volume":"140","author":"Ksiazek","year":"1989"},{"issue":"(2 Suppl)","key":"R2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"14","article-title":"Risk factors for severe Rift Valley fever infection in Kenya, 2007","volume":"83","author":"Anyangu","year":"2010"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"371","article-title":"Severe Rift Valley fever may present with a characteristic clinical syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Kahlon","year":"2010"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly 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fever","volume":"63","author":"Davies","year":"1985"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Science","first-page":"397","article-title":"Climate and satellite indicators to forecast Rift Valley fever epidemics in Kenya","volume":"285","author":"Linthicum","year":"1999"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"373","article-title":"Relationship of climate, geography, and geology to the incidence of Rift Valley fever in Kenya during the 2006\u20132007 outbreak","volume":"86","author":"Hightower","year":"2012"},{"issue":"(2 Suppl)","key":"R11","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"58","article-title":"Rift Valley fever outbreak in livestock in Kenya, 2006\u20132007","volume":"83","author":"Munyua","year":"2010"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Interepidemic Rift Valley fever virus seropositivity, northeastern Kenya","volume":"14","author":"LaBeaud","year":"2008"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"795","article-title":"Spectrum of Rift Valley fever virus transmission in Kenya: insights from three distinct regions","volume":"76","author":"LaBeaud","year":"2007"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Detection of Rift Valley fever virus antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay","volume":"17","author":"Niklasson","year":"1983"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"International Livestock Research Institute GIS Database","author":"Kruska","year":"2007"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1265","article-title":"Postepidemic analysis of Rift Valley fever virus transmission in northeastern Kenya: a village cohort study","volume":"5","author":"LaBeaud","year":"2011"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"138","article-title":"An outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Northeastern Kenya, 1997\u201398","volume":"8","author":"Woods","year":"2002"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"313","article-title":"Ocular complications of Rift Valley fever outbreak in Saudi Arabia","volume":"112","author":"Al-Hazmi","year":"2005"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot","first-page":"605","article-title":"Neurologic and neurosensory forms of Rift Valley fever in Mauritania","volume":"82","author":"Riou","year":"1989"},{"issue":"(2 Suppl)","key":"R20","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"73","article-title":"The historical and recent impact of Rift Valley fever in Africa","volume":"83","author":"Davies","year":"2010"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"372","article-title":"Rift Valley fever in Kenya: history of epizootics and identification of vulnerable districts","volume":"139","author":"Murithi","year":"2011"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"641","article-title":"Rift Valley fever virus infection in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) herds in rural South Africa: evidence of interepidemic transmission","volume":"84","author":"LaBeaud","year":"2011"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"955","article-title":"Prediction of a Rift Valley fever outbreak","volume":"106","author":"Anyamba","year":"2009"},{"issue":"(Suppl 2)","key":"R24","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"75","article-title":"Decision-support tool for prevention and control of Rift Valley fever epizootics in the greater Horn of Africa","volume":"83","author":"Consultative Group for RVF Decision Support","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and 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