{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:53:55Z","timestamp":1788414835440,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Calcified neurocysticercosis has been associated with hippocampal atrophy in patients with refractory epilepsy, but the relevance of this association in the population at large is unknown. We assessed calcified cysticerci and its association with hippocampal atrophy in elderly persons living in Atahualpa, an Ecuadorian village endemic for neurocysticercosis. All Atahualpa residents \u2265 60 years of age were invited to undergo computed tomography\/magnetic resonance imaging for neurocysticercosis detection. Twenty-eight (11%) out of 248 enrolled persons had calcified cysticerci (case-patients) and were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and years of education to individuals without neurocysticercosis on computed tomography\/magnetic resonance imaging (controls). Four case-patients and none of the controls had epilepsy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.134). Cognitive performance was similar across both groups. The Scheltens' medial temporal atrophy scale was used for hippocampal rating in case-patients and matched controls without neurocysticercosis. Mean score in the Scheltens' scale was higher in case-patients than in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). Atrophic hippocampi were noticed in 19 case-patients and five controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003). Atrophy was bilateral in 11 case-patients and unilateral in eight. All case-patients with unilateral hippocampal atrophy had at least one ipsilateral calcification. This study shows an association between calcified cysticerci and hippocampal atrophy and raises the possibility of an inflammation-mediated hippocampal damage as the responsible mechanism for these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,28]],"date-time":"2014-10-28T07:24:05Z","timestamp":1414481045000},"page":"64-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Calcified Neurocysticercosis Associates with Hippocampal Atrophy: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Oscar H.","family":"Del Brutto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perla","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Lama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor J.","family":"Del Brutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Zambrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor H.","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2480","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Bruno","year":"2013"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Cephalalgia","first-page":"250","article-title":"Calcified neurocysticercosis among patients with primary headache","volume":"32","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2012"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"PLoS 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sclerosis plus neurocysticercosis: a cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Bianchin","year":"2013"},{"key":"R8","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1815","article-title":"Calcified neurocysticercosis lesions and antiepileptic drug-resistant epilepsy: a surgically remediable syndrome?","volume":"54","author":"Rathore","year":"2013"},{"key":"R9","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"583","article-title":"Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: a door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador","volume":"46","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2005"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"374","article-title":"The importance of neurocysticercosis in stroke in rural areas of a developing country","volume":"89","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2013"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"71","article-title":"Imaging findings in neurocysticercosis","volume":"87","author":"Garcia","year":"2003"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1934","article-title":"Calcific neurocysticercosis and epileptogenesis","volume":"62","author":"Nash","year":"2004"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc","first-page":"695","article-title":"The Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment","volume":"53","author":"Nasreddine","year":"2005"},{"key":"R14","series-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry","first-page":"925","article-title":"Validation of a short cognitive tool for the screening of dementia in elderly people with low educational level","volume":"18","author":"de Y\u00e9benes","year":"2013"},{"key":"R15","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"967","article-title":"Atrophy of medical temporal lobes on MRI in \u201cprobable\u201d Alzheimer's disease and normal ageing: diagnostic value and neuropsychological correlates","volume":"55","author":"Scheltens","year":"1992"},{"key":"R16","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2692","article-title":"Neurocysticercosis as a cause of epilepsy and seizures in two community-based studies in a cysticercosis-endemic region in Peru","volume":"8","author":"Moyano","year":"2014"},{"key":"R17","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"255","article-title":"Late onset epilepsy with MRI evidence of mesial temporal sclerosis following acute neurocysticercosis","volume":"59","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2001"},{"key":"R18","series-title":"J Korean Med Sci","first-page":"445","article-title":"Temporal lobe epilepsy caused by intrahippocampal calcified cysticercus: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Chung","year":"1998"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"783","article-title":"From seizures to epilepsy and its substrates: 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cognitive deficit following repeated endotoxin exposure in the mouse","volume":"229","author":"Kahn","year":"2012"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"2141","article-title":"Hippocampal sulcus width and cavities: comparison between patients with Alzheimer disease and nondemented elderly subjects","volume":"27","author":"Bastos-Leite","year":"2006"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry","first-page":"813","article-title":"Applicability of the MoCA-S test in populations with little education in Colombia","volume":"28","author":"G\u00f3mez","year":"2013"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"J Community Health","article-title":"Edentulism associates with worse cognitive performance in community-dwelling elders in rural Ecuador: results of the Atahualpa Project","author":"Del Brutto","year":"2014"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1080","article-title":"Cognitive performance of patients with mesial temporal 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