{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T17:30:35Z","timestamp":1775755835046,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although chronic granulomatous inflammation (CGI) with concomitant caseous necrosis (CN) is a characteristic histological feature of tuberculosis (TB), few studies have investigated its frequency or various pathologic findings. The medical records of 227 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -negative, culture-positive TB patients who underwent biopsy were studied. After the frequency of characteristic pathological findings of TB was determined, a pathologist reanalyzed the pathological findings with particular focus on necrosis and reclassified CGI, CN, or possible CN into possible TB pathologic findings. The initial biopsy interpretation revealed that 63 (34.8%) of 181 patients with pulmonary TB had caseating granulomas, 36 (19.9%) patients had only CGI, and 6 (3.3%) patients had only CN. Among 46 patients with extrapulmonary TB, 16 (34.8%) patients had only caseating granulomas, and 14 (30.4%) patients had only CGI. More patients who underwent percutaneous lung biopsy had CGI or CN (76.3%) than patients who underwent transbronchial lung biopsy (53.6%). The reanalysis confirmed all CN cases identified by the first interpretation, and 20 (95.2%) of 21 non-CN cases were reclassified as possible CN. Ten cases (three pulmonary and seven extrapulmonary) were reclassified as possible TB pathologic findings from just necrosis. Caseating granuloma was present in only one-third of TB cases. Even in cases where only necrosis was identified, CN may be present.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,9]],"date-time":"2014-12-09T06:05:23Z","timestamp":1418105123000},"page":"636-640","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Relevance of Biopsy in Tuberculosis Patients Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Kyung Min","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Chul","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na Ra","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choon-Mee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med","first-page":"481","article-title":"Global epidemiology of tuberculosis: prospects for control","volume":"29","author":"L\u00f6nnroth","year":"2008"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"2767","article-title":"Evolution of tuberculosis control and prospects for reducing tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and deaths globally","volume":"293","author":"Dye","year":"2005"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Pathology of Tuberculosis. 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