{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:02:56Z","timestamp":1791252176584,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria was considered as the main cause of fever in Africa. However, with the roll back malaria initiative, the causes of fever in Africa may change. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of bacteria and <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp. in febrile and afebrile (controls) children from Franceville, Gabon. About 793 blood samples from febrile children and 100 from controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with sequencing. <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp. was the microorganism most detected in febrile (74.5%, 591\/793) and controls (13%, 13\/100), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001. Its coinfection with bacteria was found only in febrile children (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001). <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> was the most prevalent bacterium in febrile children (2.8%, 22\/793) and controls (3%, 3\/100). Eight cases of <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. (including two <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic> serovar Paratyphi) and two of <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were found only among febrile children. <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> spp. was found in 2 controls while <jats:italic>Rickettsia felis<\/jats:italic> was detected in 10 children (in 8 febriles and 2 afebriles). No DNA of other targeted microorganisms was detected. <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp. remains prevalent while <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were common bacteria in Gabon. Two fastidious bacteria, <jats:italic>Rickettsia felis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> spp., were found. Inclusion of controls should improve the understanding of the causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T02:23:20Z","timestamp":1427163800000},"page":"926-932","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Molecular Detection of Fastidious and Common Bacteria as Well as Plasmodium spp. in Febrile and Afebrile Children in Franceville, Gabon"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Ga\u00ebl","family":"Mourembou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fenollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Socolovschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy Joseph","family":"Lemamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Nzoughe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lady Charlene","family":"Kouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fousseyni","family":"Toure-Ndouo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Million","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelique Ndjoyi","family":"Mbiguino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean 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