{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:31:17Z","timestamp":1778088677887,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>After the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL)\u2013HIV\/AIDS coinfections has increased worldwide. Herein, we assessed the usefulness of an rK39-based immunochromatographic test (rK39 ICT) (DiaMed-IT LEISH<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>; DiaMed AG, Cressier-sur-Morat, Switzerland) and a latex agglutination test (KAtex; Kalon Biological, Guildford, United Kingdom) for urinary antigen detection to diagnose VL in 15 HIV\/AIDS patients from northeastern Brazil. VL diagnosis was based on clinical findings, cytology, serology, parasite DNA, and\/or urinary antigen detection. VL was confirmed in seven out of 15 HIV\/AIDS patients. Only three patients were positive in bone marrow cytology, three patients were conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive, while six were real-time PCR positive. All patients were direct agglutination test (DAT) (Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) positive; of these, four were positive by rK39 ICT and five by KAtex. Large-scale studies are needed to validate the use of the KAtex in the national public health laboratory network in Brazil, aiming at improving the diagnosis of VL in HIV\/AIDS patients in this country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T02:38:05Z","timestamp":1443494285000},"page":"967-969","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Rapid Tests and the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus\/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Coinfection"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Walter Lins","family":"Barbosa J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo S\u00e9rgio","family":"Ramos de Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Dias de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Aguiar dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Almerice","family":"Lopes da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Dantas-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulma","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"357","article-title":"Leishmania\/HIV co-infections in the second decade","volume":"123","author":"Cruz","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"334","article-title":"The relationship between leishmaniasis and 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Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1665","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of serologic and molecular methods for detecting visceral leishmaniasis in HIV infected patients: meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Cota","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2816","article-title":"Leishmania-HIV co-infection: clinical presentation and outcomes in an urban area in Brazil","volume":"8","author":"Cota","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"570","article-title":"Comparison of parasitological, serological, and molecular tests for visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional delayed-type study","volume":"89","author":"Cota","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"310","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction of peripheral blood as a tool for the diagnosis of 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Leishmaniases","first-page":"53","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Noninvasive method for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis by a latex agglutination test for detection of antigens in urine samples","volume":"42","author":"Vilaplana","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"269","article-title":"Detection of leishmanial antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis by a latex agglutination test","volume":"73","author":"Sundar","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and 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