{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:32:27Z","timestamp":1788993147615,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections are the top killers of children worldwide, and their co-occurrence is reported but not well understood. Our aim was to determine the risk factors for concurrent presentation of diarrhea and pneumonia (DP) in a resource-limited setting in Bangladesh. We used data from the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System of the icddr,b Dhaka Hospital to identify children &lt; 60 months of age with diarrhea and concurrent pneumonia, defined as a history of cough, an abnormal lung examination, and tachypnea. For the years 1996\u20132007, out of total 14,628 diarrheal patients surveyed, there were 607 (4%) patients who satisfied criteria for pneumonia. Those with DP had a higher mortality rate (4% versus 0.05%, odds ratio [OR] = 86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 26\u2013286) and a longer hospital stay (mean 84 versus 26 hours, difference 58 hours, 95% CI = 52\u201364 hours) than those with diarrhea (D) only. In multivariable logistic regression comparing cases (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 607) with controls matched for month and year of admission at a ratio of 1:3 (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 1,808), we found that DP was associated with younger age, male gender, severe acute malnutrition (SAM), less maternal education, lower family income, and lack of current breast-feeding history.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,7]],"date-time":"2015-07-07T02:09:49Z","timestamp":1436234989000},"page":"831-835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Concurrent Pneumonia in Children Under 5 Years of Age Presenting to a Diarrheal Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Leung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumon K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. A.","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Firdausi","family":"Qadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. S. G.","family":"Faruque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammod J.","family":"Chisti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward T.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea","volume":"381","author":"Walker","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"719","article-title":"Predictors of severe illness in children under age five with concomitant infection with pneumonia and diarrhea at a large hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"39","author":"Chisti","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","first-page":"e275","article-title":"Predictors of death in 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