{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:40:08Z","timestamp":1723070408600},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although direct examination methods are important for diagnosing leishmaniasis, such methods are often neglected because of their low sensitivity relative to other techniques. Our study aimed to evaluate the performance of bone marrow (BM) thick smears and cytocentrifugation tests as alternatives to direct examination for diagnosing canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Ninety-two dogs exhibiting leishmaniasis seroreactivity were evaluated. The animals were euthanized; and healthy skin, spleen, popliteal lymph node, and BM puncture samples were cultured. BM cultures were used as the reference standard. Of the 92 dogs studied, 85.9% exhibited positive cultures, and <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> (synonym <jats:italic>Leishmania chagasi<\/jats:italic>) was confirmed in all positive culture cases. The sensitivity rates for cytocentrifugation as well as thin and thick smears were 47.1%, 52.8%, and 77%, respectively. However, no association between the dogs' clinical status and culture or direct examination results was found. To our knowledge, this was the first study to use thick smears and cytocentrifugation for diagnosing CVL. Our results indicate that BM thick smears have a good sensitivity and their use reduces the time required to read slides. Therefore, thick smears can provide a rapid and safe alternative to parasitological confirmation of seroreactive dogs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1462849526000},"page":"99-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Thick Smear is a Good Substitute for the Thin Smear in Parasitological Confirmation of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Cintia Xavier","family":"de Mello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiano Borges","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Dom\u00e9sticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artur Augusto Velho","family":"Mendes J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Dom\u00e9sticos, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana de Freitas Campos","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Epidemiologia Cl\u00ednica, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria de F\u00e1tima","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Vigil\u00e2ncia em Leishmanioses, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"2006","series-title":"Manual de Vigil\u00e2ncia da Leishmaniose Visceral Americana","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"568","article-title":"Accuracy and reproducibility of a rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"108","author":"Schubach","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e69988","article-title":"Validity and reliability of enzyme immunoassays using Leishmania major or L. infantum antigens for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil","volume":"8","author":"de Arruda","year":"2013"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Nota T\u00e9cnica Conjunta n\u00b001\/2011-GGDT-CGLAB\/DEVIT\/SVS\/MS","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","key":"ref4"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Parasitol Res","first-page":"927","article-title":"Comparison of the sensitivity of imprint and scraping techniques in the diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis in a referral centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"109","author":"de Mello","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Cancer Detect Prev","first-page":"276","article-title":"Deoxyribonucleic acid content as an indicator of progression of squamous cell carcinogenesis in the esophagus: comparative analysis on imprint-cytospin and tissue section preparation","volume":"30","author":"Andrejevic-Blant","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Cytopathology","first-page":"172","article-title":"Comparable cytological features between cells processed as either wet mount or conventional cytospins","volume":"26","author":"Mojica","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Clin Virol","first-page":"148","article-title":"Real-time PCR compared to Binax NOW and cytospin-immunofluorescence for detection of influenza in hospitalized patients","volume":"43","author":"Landry","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Br J Ophthalmol","first-page":"128","article-title":"A prospective comparison of fine-needle aspiration cytopathology and histopathology in the diagnosis of orbital mass lesions","volume":"94","author":"Karcioglu","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"637","article-title":"Microscopic diagnosis of blood parasites following a cytoconcentration technique","volume":"57","author":"Petithory","year":"1997"},{"year":"2009a","series-title":"Manual de Diagn\u00f3stico Laboratorial da Mal\u00e1ria","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","key":"ref11"},{"year":"2009b","series-title":"Guia de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica e Elimina\u00e7\u00e3o da Filariose Linf\u00e1tica","author":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","key":"ref12"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"260","article-title":"Parasitological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis: is intact skin a good target?","volume":"87","author":"Madeira","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"1555","article-title":"Use of parasitological culture to detect Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi in naturally infected dogs","volume":"11","author":"de Almeida","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"321","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis: diagnostic approaches based on polymerase chain reaction employing different biological samples","volume":"76","author":"de Almeida","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"193","article-title":"Experimental canine leishmaniasis: clinical, parasitological and serological follow-up","volume":"116","author":"Maia","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"245","article-title":"Comparison of parasitological, immunological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs with different clinical signs","volume":"145","author":"Moreira","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"57","article-title":"Canine leishmaniasis: the key points for qPCR result interpretation","volume":"4","author":"Mart\u00ednez","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"566","article-title":"Studies on canine leishmaniasis control. 1. Evolution of infection of different clinical forms of canine leishmaniasis follow ing antimonial treatment","volume":"82","author":"Mancianti","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"366","article-title":"Post mortem parasitological evaluation of dogs seroreactive for Leishmania from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil","volume":"138","author":"Madeira","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"296","article-title":"A general classification of New World Leishmania using numerical zymotaxonomy","volume":"50","author":"Cupolillo","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"82","article-title":"Evaluation of lymph node and bone marrow cytology in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum) in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs","volume":"73","author":"Saridomichelakis","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"811","article-title":"Sensitivity of bone marrow aspirates in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"72","author":"da Silva","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Evaluation of parasitological examination, kDNA polymerase chain reaction and rK39-based immunochromatography for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in seropositive dogs from the screening-culling program in Brazil","volume":"47","author":"Regina-Silva","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Comparison of three methods for differential cell count in induced sputum","volume":"124","author":"Saraiva-Romanholo","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"137","article-title":"Comparison of PCR with stained slides of bone marrow and lymph nodes aspirates with suspect diagnosis for leishmaniasis","volume":"140","author":"Santos","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/1\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/1\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/1\/article-p99.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:00:47Z","timestamp":1723068047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/1\/article-p99.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0103","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]}}}