{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:07:27Z","timestamp":1787242047003,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Diseases of zoonotic origin contribute to the burden of febrile illnesses in developing countries. We evaluated serologic evidence of exposure to\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., spotted fever group rickettsioses (SFGR), and typhus group rickettsioses (TGR) from samples of persons aged 15\u201364 years collected during a nationwide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serosurvey conducted in 2007 in Kenya. The seropositivity observed for pathogens was\n                    <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    11.3%,\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. 3.0%, SFGR 23.3%, and TGR 0.6%. On univariate analysis, seropositivity for each pathogen was significantly associated with the following risk factors:\n                    <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    with province of residence;\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. with sex, education level, and wealth; SFGR with age, education level, wealth, and province of residence; and TGR with province of residence. On multivariate analysis, seropositivity remained significantly associated with wealth and province for\n                    <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; with sex and age for\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp; and with sex, education level, and province of residence for SFGR whereas TGR had no significance. High IgG seropositivity to these zoonotic pathogens (especially,\n                    <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and SFGR) suggests substantial exposure. These pathogens should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness in Kenya.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,23]],"date-time":"2015-11-23T22:15:54Z","timestamp":1448316954000},"page":"43-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Serologic Evidence of the Geographic Distribution of Bacterial Zoonotic Agents in Kenya, 2007"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Victor O.","family":"Omballa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond N.","family":"Musyoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Y.","family":"Vittor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kabura B.","family":"Wamburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrus M.","family":"Wachira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian W.","family":"Waiboci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamo U.","family":"Abudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonventure W.","family":"Juma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea A.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Breiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry S.","family":"Fields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Int J Trop Med","first-page":"39","article-title":"Occurrence of zoonotic and other infectious bacterial organisms in Dessie regional health laboratory, South Wollo, Ethiopia: a retrospective study on medical records","volume":"8","author":"Kahsay","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Human infection with Rickettsia felis, Kenya","volume":"16","author":"Richards","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","first-page":"983","article-title":"Risk factors for human diseases emergence","volume":"356","author":"Taylor","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med 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