{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T05:00:12Z","timestamp":1768885212516,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) is a powerful tool to evaluate malaria vaccine and prophylactic drug efficacy. Until recently CHMI was only carried out by the bite of infected mosquitoes. A parenteral method of CHMI would standardize <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> sporozoite (PfSPZ) administration, eliminate the need for expensive challenge facility infrastructure, and allow for use of many <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> strains. Recently, intradermal (ID) injection of aseptic, purified, cryopreserved PfSPZ was shown to induce <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria; however, 100% infection rates were not achieved by ID injection. To optimize ID PfSPZ dosing so as to achieve 100% infection, 30 adults aged 18\u201345 years were randomized to one of six groups composed of five volunteers each. The parameters of dose (1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> versus 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> PfSPZ total dose per volunteer), number of injections (two versus eight), and aliquot volume per ID injection (10 \u03bcL versus 50 \u03bcL) were studied. Three groups attained 100% infection: 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> PfSPZ in 50 \u03bcL\/2 doses, 1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> PfSPZ in 10 \u03bcL\/2 doses, and 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> PfSPZ in 10 \u03bcL\/8 doses. The group that received 5 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> PfSPZ total dose in eight 10 \u03bcL injections had a 100% infection rate and the shortest prepatent period (mean of 12.7 days), approaching the prepatent period for the current CHMI standard of five infected mosquitoes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T02:38:05Z","timestamp":1443494285000},"page":"1274-1284","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Optimizing Intradermal Administration of Cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites in Controlled Human Malaria Infection"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Kirsten E.","family":"Lyke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew B.","family":"Laurens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Billingsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Manoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumana","family":"Chakravarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher V.","family":"Plowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Ruben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Edelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina J.","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. Kim Lee","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen L.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"86","article-title":"A preliminary evaluation of a recombinant circumsporozoite protein vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"336","author":"Stoute","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1576","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a recombinantly produced Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-hepatitis B surface antigen subunit vaccine","volume":"171","author":"Gordon","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"5719","article-title":"Report of a consultation on the optimization of clinical challenge trials for evaluation of candidate blood stage 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