{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:24:35Z","timestamp":1787963075895,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In November 2013, a <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> malaria outbreak of 11 cases occurred in Cusco, southern Peru, where falciparum malaria had not been reported since 1946. Although initial microscopic diagnosis reported only <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> infection in each of the specimens, subsequent examination by the national reference laboratory confirmed <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> infection in all samples. Molecular typing of four available isolates revealed identity as the B-variant (B<jats:sub>V1<\/jats:sub>) strain that was responsible for a malaria outbreak in Tumbes, northern Peru, between 2010 and 2012. The <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> B<jats:sub>V1<\/jats:sub> strain is multidrug resistant, can escape detection by PfHRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests, and has contributed to two malaria outbreaks in Peru. This investigation highlights the importance of accurate species diagnosis given the potential for <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic> to be reintroduced to regions where it may have been absent. Similar molecular epidemiological investigations can track the probable source(s) of outbreak parasite strains for malaria surveillance and control purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,20]],"date-time":"2015-10-20T12:33:15Z","timestamp":1445344395000},"page":"128-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Molecular Investigation into a Malaria Outbreak in Cusco, Peru: Plasmodium falciparum BV1 Lineage is Linked to a Second Outbreak in Recent Times"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Sheila Akinyi","family":"Okoth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella M.","family":"Chenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Arrospide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Cabezas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Matta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatachalam","family":"Udhayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"World Malaria Report, 2014\u2014Peru","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Casos confirmados de malaria por Plasmodium falciparum en el distrito de Echarate, provincia de la Convencion y departamento del Cusco, ano 2013","author":"Ministerio de Salud del Peru, Direccion General de Epidemiologia","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"797","article-title":"Molecular investigation of Plasmodium falciparum re-emergence in the Peruvian North Coast maps the parasite source population to an Amazon village","volume":"21","author":"Baldeviano","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e58984","article-title":"Historical shifts in Brazilian P. falciparum population structure and drug resistance alleles","volume":"8","author":"Griffing","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e23486","article-title":"South American Plasmodium falciparum after the malaria eradication era: clonal population expansion and survival of the fittest hybrids","volume":"6","author":"Griffing","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"2797","article-title":"Multiple genetic origins of histidine-rich protein 2 gene deletion in Plasmodium falciparum parasites from Peru","volume":"3","author":"Akinyi","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Clonal outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum infection in eastern Panama","volume":"211","author":"Obaldia","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e60780","article-title":"Genetic surveillance detects both clonal and epidemic transmission of malaria following enhanced intervention in Senegal","volume":"8","author":"Daniels","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"7067","article-title":"Modeling malaria genomics reveals transmission decline and rebound in Senegal","volume":"112","author":"Daniels","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"412","article-title":"Local population structure of Plasmodium: impact on malaria control and elimination","volume":"11","author":"Chenet","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0131576","article-title":"Deletion of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) and histidine-rich protein 3 (pfhrp3) genes in Colombian parasites","volume":"10","author":"Murillo Solano","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"307","article-title":"Composition and biting activity of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Amazon region of Colombia","volume":"46","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/94\/1\/article-p128.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/94\/1\/article-p128.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/94\/1\/article-p128.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:17:32Z","timestamp":1723069052000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/94\/1\/article-p128.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]]}}}