{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:23:47Z","timestamp":1762521827901},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>World Health Organization recommendations for the timing and target population for mass drug administration (MDA) for schistosomiasis are based on the prevalence of infection in school children within a given community. In a large study comparing MDA approaches for <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> control, we evaluated whether prevalence of infection and egg burdens in 9- to 12-year-old students reflected infection levels in young children and adults in the same community. Cross-sectional surveys of preadolescents (9\u201312 years old) were compared with those of first year students (5\u20138 years old) in 225 villages and adults (20\u201355 years old) in 150 villages along the Kenyan shores of Lake Victoria. Village schistosomiasis prevalence and intensity levels in preadolescents strongly correlated (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001) with prevalence and infection intensity for other age groups in the community. Our findings suggest that <jats:italic>S. mansoni<\/jats:italic> prevalence and intensity among 9- to 12-year-olds are valid for community sampling purposes in mapping for MDAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T02:38:05Z","timestamp":1443494285000},"page":"1311-1317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Predictive Value of School-Aged Children's Schistosomiasis Prevalence and Egg Intensity for Other Age Groups in Western Kenya"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Pauline N. M.","family":"Mwinzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Muchiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Omedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Abudho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana M. S.","family":"Karanja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Evan","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"1998","series-title":"Guidelines for the Evaluation of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis and Schistosomiasis at Community Level","author":"Montresor","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"577","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections: forging control efforts","volume":"96","author":"Savioli","year":"2002"},{"year":"2002","series-title":"Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis","author":"World Health Organization","key":"ref3"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Report of an Informal Consultation on Schistosomiasis Control","author":"World Health Organization","key":"ref4"},{"year":"2006","series-title":"Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis","author":"World Health Organization","key":"ref5"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Helminth Control in School-Age Children: A Guide for Managers of Control Programmes","author":"World Health Organization","key":"ref6"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"563","article-title":"The prevalence of schistosomiasis in school-aged children as an appropriate indicator of its prevalence in the community","volume":"105","author":"Pereira","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Informal Consultation on Expanding Schistosomiasis Control in Africa","first-page":"7","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"year":"1996","series-title":"Report of the WHO Informal Consultation on the Use of Chemotherapy for the Control of Morbidity Due to Soil-Transmitted Nematodes in Humans","author":"World Health Organization","key":"ref9"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo","first-page":"397","article-title":"A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"14","author":"Katz","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Int J Health Geogr","first-page":"42","article-title":"An updated atlas of human helminth infections: the example of east Africa","volume":"8","author":"Brooker","year":"2009"},{"year":"2013","series-title":"The Global Atlas of Helminth Infections","author":"Global Atlas of Helminth Infection","key":"ref12"},{"series-title":"Countries supported by USAID's NTD program","key":"ref13"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"441","article-title":"Assessing the WHO 50% prevalence threshold in school-aged children as indication for treatment of urogenital schistosomiasis in adults in central Nigeria","volume":"88","author":"Evans","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Geographical distribution of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths among school children in informal settlements in Kisumu City, western Kenya","volume":"138","author":"Odiere","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"278","article-title":"High prevalence of schistosomiasis in Mbita and its adjacent islands of Lake Victoria, western Kenya","volume":"5","author":"Odiere","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"318","article-title":"Geographic distribution of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths in western Kenya: implications for anthelminthic mass treatment","volume":"69","author":"Handzel","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"787","article-title":"Schistosomiasis among young children in Usoma, Kenya","volume":"84","author":"Verani","year":"2011"},{"year":"2006","series-title":"Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R","author":"Wood","key":"ref19"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Ann Stat","first-page":"461","article-title":"Estimating the dimension of a model","volume":"6","author":"Schwarz","year":"1978"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"197","article-title":"Is the exclusion of children under 24 months from anthelmintic treatment justifiable?","volume":"96","author":"Montresor","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"197","article-title":"Schistosomiasis in African infants and preschool children: let them now be treated!","volume":"29","author":"Stothard","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"32","article-title":"Epidemiology of schistosomiasis in two high-risk communities of south C\u00f4te d'Ivoire with particular emphasis on pre-school-aged children","volume":"89","author":"Coulibaly","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e395","article-title":"A rationale for schistosomiasis control in elementary schools of the rainforest zone of Pernambuco, Brazil","volume":"3","author":"Favre","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"507","article-title":"Predicting the community prevalence of schistosomiasis mansoni from the prevalence among 7- to 14-year-olds","volume":"121","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"214","article-title":"Schistosomiasis haematobia in Mali: prevalence rate in school-age children as index of endemicity in the community","volume":"3","author":"Traore","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"257","article-title":"Can prevalence of infection in school-aged children be used as an index for assessing community prevalence?","volume":"118","author":"Guyatt","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"1456","article-title":"Estimating the number of helminthic infections in the Republic of Cameroon from data on infection prevalence in schoolchildren","volume":"78","author":"Brooker","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"874","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni morbidity among school-aged children: a SCORE project in Kenya","volume":"87","author":"Samuels","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Cad Saude Publica","first-page":"259","article-title":"Environmental and health education for school-age children: a transdisciplinary approach","volume":"10","author":"Schall","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"495","article-title":"Evaluation of an improved approach using residences of schistosomiasis-positive school children to identify carriers in an area of low endemicity","volume":"74","author":"Massara","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"140","article-title":"A combined strategy to improve the control of Schistosoma mansoni in areas of low prevalence in Brazil","volume":"78","author":"Enk","year":"2008"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref33","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"55","article-title":"Assessment of schistosomiasis, through school surveys, in the Forest Zone of Pernambuco, Brazil","volume":"101","author":"Barbosa","year":"2006"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref34","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"73","article-title":"Reliability of current estimates of schistosomiasis prevalence in the Rainforest Zone of the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil","volume":"101","author":"Favre","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/93\/6\/article-p1311.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/93\/6\/article-p1311.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/93\/6\/article-p1311.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:56:09Z","timestamp":1723056969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/93\/6\/article-p1311.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0467","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]]}}}