{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:24:56Z","timestamp":1762521896465},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to characterize risk profiles for <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic> infection in a population living in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. A cohort study was conducted between January 2004 and December 2006 with the participation of 430 individuals living in the city of Teresina, northeast Brazil, who were initially negative for the Montenegro test. Data analysis was performed using the classification and regression tree method. The cumulative incidence (CI) of Montenegro's test conversion was 35% at 18-month follow-up. Eight different risk profiles for <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> infection were identified. The profile with the highest risk (CI = 75%) comprised individuals with less than 4 years of education who had never lived outside Teresina. The profile with the lowest risk (CI = 5%) included highly educated subjects who had owned a dog for 5 years or more and lived in areas that received some type of intervention. These results show that there is a high degree of complexity involved in the risk for <jats:italic>L. infantum<\/jats:italic> infection and point out the need of developing new studies to perform a comprehensive analysis focused on investigating the interrelation between risk factors rather than their isolated roles on the determination of infection levels in urban areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T02:54:25Z","timestamp":1461639265000},"page":"1276-1281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Risk Profiles for Leishmania infantum Infection in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Erika Barretto","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Henrique Nery","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando A\u00e9cio Amorim","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria do Socorro","family":"Pires e Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Loureiro","family":"Werneck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e35671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012"},{"year":"2010","author":"World Health Organization","series-title":"Control of the Leishmaniases","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"334","article-title":"The relationship between 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Brazil","volume":"34","author":"Caldas","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"285","article-title":"Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil","volume":"96","author":"Silva","year":"2001"},{"year":"2009","author":"Cavalcante","series-title":"Fatores Associados \u00e0 Infec\u00e7\u00e3o por Leishmania chagasi em Indiv\u00edduos Assintom\u00e1ticos no Munic\u00edpio de Raposa","key":"ref19"},{"year":"2011","author":"Lima","series-title":"Aspectos Ambientais e Sociais Envolvidos na Transmiss\u00e3o da L. chagasi no Munic\u00edpio de Parnamirim\/RN","key":"ref20"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"99","article-title":"Factors associated to Montenegro skin test positivity in Teresina, Brazil","volume":"104","author":"Gouvea","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2182","article-title":"Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in the americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Belo","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"3343","article-title":"Knowledge of the population about visceral leishmaniasis transmission in endemic areas near the banks of the Mossor\u00f3 River in northeastern Brazil","volume":"12","author":"de Amorim","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Cad Saude Publica","first-page":"777","article-title":"Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00edvel de conhecimento e de atitudes preventivas da popula\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a leishmaniose visceral em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil","volume":"24","author":"Borges","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"11","article-title":"Education is key to controlling visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"88","author":"Killick-Kendrick","year":"2010"},{"year":"2014","author":"Costa","series-title":"Percep\u00e7\u00e3o e 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