{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T01:38:41Z","timestamp":1777426721374,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Molecular approaches offer a means of testing archived samples stored as dried blood spots in settings where standard blood cultures are not possible. Peripheral blood films are one suggested source of material, although the sensitivity of this approach has not been well defined. Thin blood smears and dried blood spots from a severe pediatric malaria study were assessed using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers to detect non-typhoidal <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> (NTS; <jats:italic>MisL<\/jats:italic> gene), <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>lytA<\/jats:italic>), and <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> (18S rRNA). Of 16 cases of NTS and <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> confirmed on blood culture, none were positive by PCR using DNA extracts from blood films or dried blood spots. In contrast, four of 36 dried blood spots and two of 178 plasma samples were PCR positive for <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, despite negative bacterial blood cultures, suggesting false positives. Quantitative assessment revealed that the effective concentration of <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> DNA in blood films was three log orders of magnitude lower than for dried blood spots. The <jats:italic>P. falciparum kelch13<\/jats:italic> gene could not be amplified from blood films. These findings question the value of blood PCR-based approaches for detection of NTS and <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, and show that stored blood films are an inefficient method of studying <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,29]],"date-time":"2015-12-29T03:03:18Z","timestamp":1451358198000},"page":"322-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Use of Blood Smears and Dried Blood Spots for Polymerase Chain Reaction\u2013Based Detection and Quantification of Bacterial Infection and Plasmodium falciparum in Severely Ill Febrile African Children"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Benchawan","family":"Wihokhoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjen M.","family":"Dondorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Woodrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallika","family":"Imwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"809","article-title":"Beyond malaria\u2014causes of fever in outpatient Tanzanian children","volume":"370","author":"D'Acremont","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"39","article-title":"Bacteremia among children admitted to a rural hospital in Kenya","volume":"352","author":"Berkley","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med 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