{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:59:57Z","timestamp":1762271997428},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A prerequisite for the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the accessibility to reference diagnostics. The high price of the freeze-dried direct agglutination test (FD-DAT) and the short shelf-life time of the rK39 strip test (rK39) have limited the application of these tests in Sudan. An original liquid DAT (LQ-DAT) with high reproducibility compared with the FD-DAT and rK39 has been routinely produced in our laboratory since 1999. In this study, a 3.4-year-old batch (of more than 90 test batches produced to date) was chosen to validate the diagnostic performance of this test against microscopy, FD-DAT, and rK39 in 96 VL and 42 non-VL serum samples. Relatively higher sensitivity (95\/96, 99.0%) was recorded for the LQ-DAT than for the FD-DAT (92\/96, 95.8%) and rK39 (76\/96, 79.2%), probably because of the use of the endemic autochthonous <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic> isolate as the antigen. Experience with the LQ-DAT, its low cost of production, ease of providing this test, and diagnostic reliability compared with the FD-DAT suggest that widescale implementation of the LQ-DAT can contribute to sustainable VL control in Sudan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,15]],"date-time":"2016-03-15T02:18:59Z","timestamp":1458008339000},"page":"982-986","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Local Production of a Liquid Direct Agglutination Test as a Sustainable Measure for Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Sudan"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Hussam Ali","family":"Osman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelhafeiz","family":"Mahamoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elfadil Mustafa","family":"Abass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubens Riscala","family":"Madi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saul J.","family":"Semiao-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdallah","family":"el Harith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","first-page":"S30","article-title":"Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"5","author":"Boelaert","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","first-page":"873","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?","volume":"5","author":"Chappuis","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"J 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anti-Leishmania IgG responses in Sudanese versus Indian visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e822","article-title":"Design, development and evaluation of rK28-based point-of-care tests for improving rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"4","author":"Pattabhi","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and 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