{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:17:47Z","timestamp":1792624667588,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Melioidosis is a tropical disease of high mortality caused by the environmental bacterium, <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. We have collected clinical isolates from the highly endemic Northern Territory of Australia routinely since 1989, and animal and environmental <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> isolates since 1991. Here we provide a complete record of all <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> multilocus sequence types (STs) found in the Northern Territory to date, and distribution maps of the eight most common environmental STs. We observed surprisingly restricted geographic distributions of STs, which is contrary to previous reports suggesting widespread environmental dissemination of this bacterium. Our data suggest that <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> from soil and water does not frequently disperse long distances following severe weather events or by migration of infected animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,3]],"date-time":"2015-11-03T03:14:00Z","timestamp":1446520440000},"page":"68-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Burkholderia pseudomallei Genotype Distribution in the Northern Territory, Australia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Stephanie N. J.","family":"Chapple","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin P.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek S.","family":"Sarovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"McRobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Kaestli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian G.","family":"Spratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart J.","family":"Currie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"383","article-title":"Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1035","article-title":"Melioidosis","volume":"367","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"251","article-title":"Melioidosis in Puerto Rico: the iceberg slowly emerges","volume":"60","author":"Dance","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e694","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei is spatially distributed in soil in northeast Thailand","volume":"4","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2553","article-title":"Nonrandom distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei clones in relation to geographical location and virulence","volume":"44","author":"Vesaratchavest","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"BMC Biol","first-page":"78","article-title":"Phylogeographic reconstruction of a bacterial species with high levels of lateral gene transfer","volume":"7","author":"Pearson","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1381","article-title":"Epidemiological tracking and population assignment of the non-clonal bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"5","author":"Dale","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"323","article-title":"Whole-genome sequencing confirms that Burkholderia pseudomallei multilocus sequence types common to both Cambodia and Australia are due to homoplasy","volume":"53","author":"De Smet","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"249","article-title":"Genetic diversity of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in Australia","volume":"46","author":"Cheng","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"3463","article-title":"Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in northern Australia, a land of diversity","volume":"80","author":"McRobb","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"7243","article-title":"Groundwater seeps facilitate exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"77","author":"Baker","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Environ Microbiol","first-page":"2058","article-title":"Out of the ground: aerial and exotic habitats of the melioidosis bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in grasses in Australia","volume":"14","author":"Kaestli","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1310","article-title":"Melioidosis in birds and Burkholderia pseudomallei dispersal, Australia","volume":"17","author":"Hampton","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Med Mal Infect","first-page":"643","article-title":"L'affaire du jardin des plantes ou comment la m\u00e9lio\u00efdose fit son apparition en France","volume":"18","author":"Mollaret","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"307","article-title":"Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolates collected over 25 years from a nontropical endemic focus show clonality on the basis of ribotyping","volume":"113","author":"Currie","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Photochem Photobiol","first-page":"978","article-title":"Inactivation of virulent Burkholderia pseudomallei by sunlight","volume":"85","author":"Sagripanti","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"367","article-title":"Melioidosis from contaminated bore water and successful UV sterilization","volume":"89","author":"McRobb","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1038","article-title":"Endemic melioidosis in residents of desert region after atypically intense rainfall in central Australia, 2011","volume":"21","author":"Yip","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e900","article-title":"The epidemiology and clinical spectrum of melioidosis: 540 cases from the 20 year Darwin Prospective Study","volume":"4","author":"Currie","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"345","article-title":"Melioidosis at Royal Darwin Hospital in the big 2009\u20132010 wet season: comparison with the preceding 20 years","volume":"196","author":"Parameswaran","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and 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