{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T02:02:56Z","timestamp":1791252176484,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria is considered to be the most common etiology of fever in sub-Saharan Africa while bacteremias exist but are under assessed. This study aimed to assess bacteremias and malaria in children from urban and rural areas in Gabon. DNA extracts from blood samples of 410 febrile and 60 afebrile children were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp. was the microorganism most frequently detected in febrile (78.8%, 323\/410) and afebrile (13.3%, 8\/60) children, (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). DNA from one or several bacteria were detected in 15 febrile patients (3.7%) but not in the controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.1). This DNA was more frequently detected as co-infections among febrile children tested positive for <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> (4.6%, 15\/323) than in those tested negative for <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> (0%, 0\/87; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). The bacteria detected were <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> 2.4% (10\/410), <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> 1.7% (7\/410), <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> spp. 0.7% (3\/410), <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic> 0.2% (1\/410) and <jats:italic>Tropheryma whipplei<\/jats:italic> 0.2% (1\/410) only in febrile children. <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp., and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> were not observed. This paper reports the first detection of bacteremia related to <jats:italic>T. whipplei<\/jats:italic> in Gabon and shows that malaria decreases in urban areas but not in rural areas. Co-infections in febrile patients are common, highlighting the need to improve fever management strategies in Gabon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T02:54:25Z","timestamp":1461639265000},"page":"123-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Co-circulation of Plasmodium and Bacterial DNAs in Blood of Febrile and Afebrile Children from Urban and Rural Areas in Gabon"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Ga\u00ebl","family":"Mourembou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales \u00c9mergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."},{"name":"Ecole Doctorale R\u00e9gionale d'Afrique Centrale, Franceville, Gabon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sydney Maghendji","family":"Nzondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie M\u00e9dicale, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Ndjoyi-Mbiguino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Microbiologie, Laboratoire National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence IST\/sida, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Libreville, Gabon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Bernard","family":"Lekana-Douki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie M\u00e9dicale, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon."},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Parasitologie Mycologie et de M\u00e9decine Tropicale, Universit\u00e9 des Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Libreville, Gabon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lady Charl\u00e8ne","family":"Kouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie M\u00e9dicale, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre Blaise","family":"Matsiegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de la Ngouni\u00e9, Fougamou, Gabon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rella Zoleko","family":"Manego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de la Ngouni\u00e9, Fougamou, Gabon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene Pegha","family":"Moukandja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Parasitologie M\u00e9dicale, Centre International de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpha Kabinet","family":"Ke\u00efta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales \u00c9mergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herv\u00e9","family":"Tissot-Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales \u00c9mergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Fenollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales \u00c9mergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales \u00c9mergentes (URMITE), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"c1350","article-title":"WHO guidelines for antimicrobial treatment in children admitted to hospital in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: prospective study","volume":"340","author":"Nadjm","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"638","article-title":"Invasive Salmonella infections in areas of high and low malaria transmission intensity in Tanzania","volume":"58","author":"Biggs","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"417","article-title":"Community-acquired bloodstream 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