{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:28:27Z","timestamp":1762324107811},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the 47-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP), which is a periplasmic serine protease and an antigenic major surface protein of <jats:italic>Orientia tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic>, as a vaccine candidate. We developed a conventional subunit vaccine expressing recombinant 47-kDa OMP (rec47) and a DNA vaccine (p47). In mouse immunization experiments, intranasal immunization with rec47 alone or with rec47 plus heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit from <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> or plus cholera toxin (CT) as adjuvants induced a higher amount of rec47-specific antibodies than intramuscular immunization with p47 alone or with p47 plus pBOOST2-samIRF7\/3 (pB) as adjuvant. Moreover, the combination of rec47 and CT induced a strong cellular immune response to 47-kDa OMP, as demonstrated by a spleen cell proliferation assay, and also induced Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production, as demonstrated by a cytokine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intranasal immunization with rec47 plus CT was the most effective method for the induction of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Furthermore, relatively strong protection against homologous <jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> strain Boryong challenge was observed in mice immunized with rec47 plus CT. Therefore, 47-kDa OMP is an attractive candidate for developing a prophylactic vaccine against scrub typhus by <jats:italic>O. tsutsugamushi<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,6]],"date-time":"2017-06-06T07:00:49Z","timestamp":1496732449000},"page":"30-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Recombinant 47-kDa Outer Membrane Protein Induces an Immune Response against Orientia tsutsugamushi Strain Boryong"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Sangho","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang Jin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Jam","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byoungchul","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Ran","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yeong Seon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeongmin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Zoonoses, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Hum Vaccin","first-page":"73","article-title":"Scrub typhus vaccines: past history and recent developments","volume":"3","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Microbes Infect","first-page":"11","article-title":"Orientia tsutsugamushi infection: overview and 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