{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:16:56Z","timestamp":1780485416593,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by the protozoan parasite <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>. There are no vaccines and available drugs against leishmaniasis are toxic. Immunomodulators that specifically boost the anti-microbial activities of the immune cells could alleviate several of these limitations. Therefore, finding novel immunomodulators for VL therapy is a pressing need. This study is aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory role of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone capable of regulating the immune response, in <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>-infected mice. We observed that recombinant leptin treatment reduced splenic parasite burden compared with non-treated infected normal mice. Decrease in parasite burden correlated with an induction of innate immune response in antigen-presenting cells that showed an increase in nitric oxide, enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine (interferon gamma [IFN\u03b3], interleukin12 [IL]12, and IL1\u03b2) response in the splenocytes, indicating host-protecting Th1 response mediated by leptin. Moreover, in infected normal mice, leptin treatment induced IFN\u03b3 production from both CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells, compared with non-treated infected mice. Alternatively, leptin-deficient (Ob\/Ob) mice had higher splenic and liver parasite burden compared with the infected normal mice. However, leptin treatment failed to reduce the splenic parasite burden and improve a host-protective cytokine response in these mice. In addition, in contrast to dendritic cells (DCs) from a normal mouse, Ob\/Ob mouse\u2013derived DCs showed a defect in the induction of innate immune response on <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection that could not be reversed by leptin treatment. Therefore, our findings reveal that leptin has a differential immunomodulatory effect in controlling VL in normal and Ob\/Ob mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T02:54:25Z","timestamp":1461639265000},"page":"109-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Differential Role of Leptin as an Immunomodulator in Controlling Visceral Leishmaniasis in Normal and Leptin-Deficient Mice"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Radheshyam","family":"Maurya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland."},{"name":"Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Science, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parna","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevien","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep K.","family":"Dagur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amritanshu B.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kundan","family":"Razdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Philip","family":"McCoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Ascher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Veterinary Services, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranadhir","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hira L.","family":"Nakhasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and 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