{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:34:20Z","timestamp":1788586460285,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The most common causes of human infection from the arboviruses that are endemic in Australia are the arthritogenic alphaviruses: Ross River virus (RRV) and Barmah Forest virus (BFV). The most serious infections are caused by the neurotropic flaviviruses, Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) and the Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus. The greatest individual risk of arbovirus infection occurs in tropical\/subtropical northern Australia because of the warm, wet summer conditions from December to June, where conventional arbovirus surveillance is difficult due to a combination of low population density, large distances between population centers, poor roads, and seasonal flooding. Furthermore, virus detection requires samples to be sent to Perth up to 2,000 km away for definitive analysis, causing delays of days to weeks before test results are available and public health interventions can be started. We deployed a portable molecular biology laboratory for remote field detection of endemic arboviruses in northern Queensland, then in tropical Western Australia and detected BFV, MVEV, and RRV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of extracts from mosquitoes trapped in Queensland. We then used a field-portable compact real-time thermocycler for the samples collected in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Real-time field PCR assays enabled concurrent endemic arbovirus distribution mapping in outback Queensland and Western Australia. Our deployable laboratory method provides a concept of operations for future remote area arbovirus surveillance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T06:25:38Z","timestamp":1468304738000},"page":"633-638","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Deployable Molecular Detection of Arboviruses in the Australian Outback"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Timothy J. J.","family":"Inglis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Australia."},{"name":"2School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia."},{"name":"33rd Health Support Battalion, Adelaide, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"33rd Health Support Battalion, Adelaide, Australia."},{"name":"4School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell L.","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Agilent Technologies Australia, Mulgrave, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Frances","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Australian Army Malaria Institute, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Merritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Australia."},{"name":"2School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avram","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Australia."},{"name":"2School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"72nd General Health Battalion, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"72nd General Health Battalion, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"72nd General Health Battalion, Queensland, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Australia."},{"name":"2School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Arch Virol","first-page":"447","article-title":"Arboviruses causing human disease in the Australasian zoogeographic region","volume":"136","author":"Mackenzie","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"113","article-title":"The viruses of Australia and the risk to tourists","volume":"9","author":"Smith","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell Q Rep","first-page":"70","article-title":"Arboviral diseases and malaria in Australia, 2009\u201310: annual report of the National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee","volume":"36","author":"Wright","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell Q Rep","first-page":"33","article-title":"Murray Valley encephalitis virus surveillance and control initiatives in Australia: a report on behalf of National Arbovirus Advisory Committee of the Communicable Diseases Network Australia","volume":"25","author":"Spencer","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell Q Rep","first-page":"65","article-title":"Sentinel chicken surveillance programme in Australia, July 2003 to June 2004","volume":"29","author":"Broom","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"78","article-title":"Melioidosis risk in a tropical industrial environment","volume":"80","author":"Inglis","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3479","article-title":"Deployable laboratory response to emergence of melioidosis in central Sri Lanka","volume":"46","author":"Inglis","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"614","article-title":"The lab without walls: a deployable approach to tropical infectious diseases","volume":"88","author":"Inglis","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e25526","article-title":"Deployable laboratory response to influenza pandemic; 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