{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:18:48Z","timestamp":1792293528224,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study developed and validated a model for predicting the probability that communities in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, have low sanitation coverage, based on environmental and sociodemographic conditions. Community sanitation coverage was measured between 2011 and 2014 through trachoma control program evaluation surveys. Information on environmental and sociodemographic conditions was obtained from available data sources and linked with community data using a geographic information system. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of low community sanitation coverage (&lt; 20% versus \u2265 20%). The selected model was geographically and temporally validated. Model-predicted probabilities of low community sanitation coverage were mapped. Among 1,502 communities, 344 (22.90%) had coverage below 20%. The selected model included measures for high topsoil gravel content, an indicator for low-lying land, population density, altitude, and rainfall and had reasonable predictive discrimination (area under the curve = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.72, 0.78). Measures of soil stability were strongly associated with low community sanitation coverage, controlling for community wealth, and other factors. A model using available environmental and sociodemographic data predicted low community sanitation coverage for areas across Amhara Region with fair discrimination. This approach could assist sanitation programs and trachoma control programs, scaling up or in hyperendemic areas, to target vulnerable areas with additional activities or alternate technologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0895","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T02:38:47Z","timestamp":1468895927000},"page":"709-719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prediction of Low Community Sanitation Coverage Using Environmental and Sociodemographic Factors in Amhara Region, Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"William E.","family":"Oswald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha E. P.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Dana","family":"Flanders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tekola","family":"Endeshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulat","family":"Zerihun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birhanu","family":"Melaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eshetu","family":"Sata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demelash","family":"Gessesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Teferi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."},{"name":"4International Trachoma Initiative, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zerihun","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birhan","family":"Guadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia."},{"name":"6World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Emerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia."},{"name":"7International Trachoma Initiative, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth K.","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine L.","family":"Moe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Hubert Department of Global Health, Center for Global Safe Water, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Clasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2015 Update and MDG Assessment","author":"UNICEF\/WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2223","article-title":"Intestinal parasite prevalence in an area of Ethiopia after implementing the SAFE strategy, enhanced outreach services, and health extension program","volume":"7","author":"King","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Int Health","first-page":"251","article-title":"Evaluation of household latrine coverage in Kewot woreda, Ethiopia, 3 years after implementing interventions to control blinding trachoma","volume":"3","author":"Ross","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Trop Med Int 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