{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T20:31:55Z","timestamp":1790541115539,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate information regarding malaria prevalence at national level is required to design and assess malaria control\/elimination efforts. Although many comparisons of microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u2013based methods have been conducted, there is little published literature covering such comparisons in southeast Asia especially at the national level. Both microscopic examination and PCR detection were performed on blood films and dried blood spots samples collected from 8,067 individuals enrolled in a nationwide, stratified, multistage, cluster sampling malaria prevalence survey conducted in Cambodia in 2007. The overall malaria prevalence and prevalence rates of <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Plasmodium malariae<\/jats:italic> infections estimated by microscopy (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 8,067) were 2.74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.39\u20133.12%), 1.81% (95% CI: 1.53\u20132.13%), 1.14% (95% CI: 0.92\u20131.40%), and 0.01% (95% CI: 0.003\u20130.07%), respectively. The overall malaria prevalence based on PCR detection (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 7,718) was almost 2.5-fold higher (6.31%, 95% CI: 5.76\u20136.89%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.00001). This difference was significantly more pronounced for <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> (4.40%, 95% CI: 3.95\u20134.90%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.00001) compared with <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> (1.89%, 95% CI: 1.60\u20132.22%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and <jats:italic>P. malariae<\/jats:italic> infections (0.22%, 95% CI: 0.13\u20130.35%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). The significant proportion of microscopy-negative but PCR-positive individuals (289\/7,491, 3.85%) suggest microscopic examination frequently underestimated malaria infections and that active case detection based on microscopy may miss a significant reservoir of infection, especially in low-transmission settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,12]],"date-time":"2016-07-12T06:25:38Z","timestamp":1468304738000},"page":"588-594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["National Malaria Prevalence in Cambodia: Microscopy Versus Polymerase Chain Reaction Estimates"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Dysoley","family":"Lek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia."},{"name":"2School of Public Health, National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Popovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Ariey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia."},{"name":"4Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France."},{"name":"5Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale U1016 (INSERM U1016), Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France."},{"name":"6Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, H\u00f4pital Cochin, Assistance Publique\u2013H\u00f4pitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seshu Babu","family":"Vinjamuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7World Health Organization Lao People's Democratic Republic Office, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Meek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter R. J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Service de M\u00e9decine Tropicale et Humanitaire, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"name":"10Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duong","family":"Socheat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1National Center for Parasitology, Entomology and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Menard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William O.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Naval Medical Research Unit 2 Detachment, Phnom Penh, 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