{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:38:22Z","timestamp":1789436302193,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The present controlled cross-sectional study aimed to assess relative and absolute lymphocytosis and lymphopenia induced by imported infectious diseases (IDs) seen among patients consulting the Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical Center of the University of Munich (1999\u20132014) after being in the tropics and subtropics. The analysis investigated data sets from 17,229 diseased German travelers returning from Latin America (3,238), Africa (5,467), and Asia (8,524), and from 1,774 healthy controls who had not recently traveled. Among the cases, the proportion of those with relative lymphopenia (10.5%) and absolute lymphopenia (8.0%) was significantly higher than among controls (3.2% and 3.6%, respectively), whereas relative lymphocytosis was significantly lower among cases (6.1%) than among controls (8.0%). The study identified IDs with significantly larger proportions of relative lymphocytosis (cytomegalovirus [CMV] infection [56%], infectious mononucleosis [51%], and dengue fever [11%]); absolute lymphocytosis (infectious mononucleosis [70%] and CMV infection [63%]); relative lymphopenia (streptococcal pharyngitis [56%], malaria [34%], <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> infection [19%], salmonellosis [18%], and shigellosis [17%]); and of absolute lymphopenia (human immunodeficiency virus infection [53%], malaria [45%], dengue fever [40%], salmonellosis [16%], and <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> infection [11%]). This study demonstrates that relative and absolute lymphocytosis and lymphopenia are useful laboratory findings for travelers returning from the tropics and subtropics, as they are typically caused by imported viral, bacterial, and protozoan IDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0920","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T02:59:00Z","timestamp":1460429940000},"page":"1385-1391","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Lymphocytosis and Lymphopenia Induced by Imported Infectious Diseases: A Controlled Cross-Sectional Study of 17,229 Diseased German Travelers Returning from the Tropics and Subtropics"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"Herbinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Hanus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Beissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Berens-Riha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Kroidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"von Sonnenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"L\u00f6scher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hoelscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans Dieter","family":"Nothdurft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Schunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Atlas of Hematopathology. Morphology, Immunophenotype, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Approaches","first-page":"627","author":"Naeim","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"Longo","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Manson's Tropical Diseases","article-title":"Haematological diseases in the tropics","author":"Fleming","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"6087","article-title":"What is the cause of lymphopenia in malaria?","volume":"68","author":"Hviid","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Crit Care","first-page":"R192","article-title":"Lymphocytopenia and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio predict bacteremia better than conventional infection markers in an emergency care unit","volume":"14","author":"de Jager","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"UNWTO Tourism Highlights","author":"United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Luftverkehr 2014 (air traffic 2014)","author":"Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office of Germany)","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Labor Informationen","first-page":"75","author":"Becker","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"1194","article-title":"Controlled study on enteropathogens in travelers returning from the tropics with and without diarrhea","volume":"17","author":"Paschke","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"155","article-title":"Evidence for significant influence of host immunity on changes in differential blood count during malaria","volume":"13","author":"Berens-Riha","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Genetic neutropenia in people of African origin","volume":"2","author":"Shaper","year":"1971"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/94\/6\/article-p1385.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/94\/6\/article-p1385.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/94\/6\/article-p1385.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:04:04Z","timestamp":1723068244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/94\/6\/article-p1385.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0920","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]}}}