{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:05:25Z","timestamp":1791576325650,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to elucidate aspects of the epidemiology of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> in Nigerian school children, including the distribution of subtypes (STs) and ST alleles. A total of 199 genomic DNAs extracted from fecal samples from 199 Nigerian children aged 2\u201314 years were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction for <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>. Positive DNAs were submitted to barcoding by PCR and sequencing to obtain information on STs and ST alleles. A total of 167 (84%) samples were positive for <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>, with prevalence increasing by age. No association between <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> colonization and gender (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.51) or type\/presence of toilet facilities (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.21) was observed. <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> carriers were more prone to using water collected from wells than from sachets (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0044). Moreover, <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> positivity was associated with positivity for fecal-orally transmitted protozoa (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.018) and helminths (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). A clear inverse association of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> colonization and malaria infection was observed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001); however, malaria-positive children being younger than malaria-negative children, this finding was attributed to the age effect of <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic> colonization. ST data were available for 127\/167 (76%) samples. Fifty-one children were positive for ST1, while 42 and 33 children were colonized with ST2 and ST3, respectively; a single case of ST7 was observed. By and large, the ST alleles identified for ST1 and ST2 did not differ from those observed in humans in other regions of the world; meanwhile, the distribution of ST3 alleles was remarkably distinct and potentially specific to humans in sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,3]],"date-time":"2016-05-03T02:13:19Z","timestamp":1462241599000},"page":"175-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Epidemiological Aspects of Blastocystis Colonization in Children in Ilero, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Casper S.","family":"Poulsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinwale M.","family":"Efunshile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany."},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna A.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Studies, Elon University, Elon, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen R.","family":"Stensvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Adv Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407706-5.00001-0","article-title":"Recent developments in Blastocystis 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Vectors","first-page":"130","article-title":"Blastocystis sp.: waterborne zoonotic organism, a possibility?","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"658","article-title":"Evidence of waterborne transmission of Blastocystis hominis","volume":"70","author":"Leelayoova","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and 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