{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T17:09:14Z","timestamp":1789405754397,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Because O blood group has been associated with more severe cholera infections, it has been hypothesized that cholera toxin (CT) may bind non-O blood group antigens of the intestinal mucosae, thereby preventing efficient interaction with target GM1 gangliosides required for uptake of the toxin and activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in target epithelia. Herein, we show that after exposure to CT, human enteroids expressing O blood group exhibited marked increase in cAMP relative to cells derived from blood group A individuals. Likewise, using CRISPR\/Cas9 engineering, a functional group O line (HT-29-A<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) was generated from a parent group A HT-29 line. CT stimulated robust cAMP responses in HT-29-A<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> cells relative to HT-29 cells. These findings provide a direct molecular link between blood group O expression and differential cellular responses to CT, recapitulating clinical and epidemiologic observations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T03:05:26Z","timestamp":1462849526000},"page":"440-443","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Blood Group O\u2013Dependent Cellular Responses to Cholera Toxin: Parallel Clinical and Epidemiological Links to Severe Cholera"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"F. Matthew","family":"Kuhlmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanth","family":"Santhanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pardeep","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A.","family":"Ciorba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri."},{"name":"3Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Fleckenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri."},{"name":"3Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri."},{"name":"4Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Saint Louis, Missouri."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2466","article-title":"Cholera","volume":"379","author":"Harris","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Microbes Infect","first-page":"89","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection","volume":"12","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Toxins (Basel)","first-page":"2132","article-title":"Toxin mediated diarrhea in the 21 century: the pathophysiology of intestinal ion transport in the course of ETEC, V. cholerae and rotavirus infection","volume":"2","author":"Kopic","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"4635","article-title":"The relationship between blood groups and disease","volume":"115","author":"Anstee","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1892","article-title":"Attachment of Helicobacter pylori to human gastric epithelium mediated by blood group antigens","volume":"262","author":"Boren","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"791","article-title":"Predisposition for cholera of individuals with O blood group. 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