{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T02:06:38Z","timestamp":1777946798658,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the United States, infection with <jats:italic>Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic> has been identified as an emerging disease, primarily in immigrants, refugees, and travelers. The laboratory test of choice for diagnosis of fascioliasis is detection of disease specific antibodies, most commonly uses excretory-secretory antigens for detection of IgG antibodies. Recently, recombinant proteins such as <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> antigen (FhSAP2) have been used to detect IgG antibodies. The glutathione <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>-transferase (GST)\u2013FhSAP2 recombinant antigen was used to develop Western blot (WB) and fluorescent bead-based (Luminex) assays to detect <jats:italic>F. hepatica<\/jats:italic> total IgG and IgG<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of GST-FhSAP2 total IgG and IgG<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> WB were similar at 94% and 98%, respectively. For the IgG Luminex assay, the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 97%, and for the IgG<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, the values were 100% and 99%, respectively. In conclusion, the GST-FhSAP2 antigen performs well in several assay formats and can be used for clinical diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T01:38:41Z","timestamp":1471916321000},"page":"852-855","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Development of Two FhSAP2 Recombinant\u2013Based Assays for Immunodiagnosis of Human Chronic Fascioliasis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Sun Hee","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Emory College, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly M.","family":"Chastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorna A.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric S.","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah G. H.","family":"Sapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"McAuliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Espino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukwan","family":"Handali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"636","article-title":"Fascioliasis: a worldwide parasitic disease of importance in travel medicine","volume":"12","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"210","article-title":"Global burden of human food-borne trematodiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Furst","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Parasitol Res","first-page":"1263","article-title":"Food-borne trematode infections of humans in the United States of America","volume":"106","author":"Fried","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"603","article-title":"Use of the Falcon assay screening test\u2013enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FAST-ELISA) and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) to determine the prevalence of human fascioliasis in the Bolivian Altiplano","volume":"46","author":"Hillyer","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis","first-page":"355","article-title":"Fasciola hepatica saposin-like protein-2-based ELISA for the serodiagnosis of chronic human fascioliasis","volume":"70","author":"Figueroa-Santiago","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Fascioliasis and other plant-borne trematode zoonoses","volume":"35","author":"Mas-Coma","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Parasitol","first-page":"545","article-title":"Molecular cloning of a member of the Fasciola hepatica saposin-like protein family","volume":"89","author":"Espino","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Methods Enzymol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(83)92032-3","article-title":"Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot techniques (EITB) for studying the specificities of antigens and antibodies separated by gel electrophoresis","volume":"92","author":"Tsang","year":"1983"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"50","article-title":"An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium)","volume":"159","author":"Tsang","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004168","article-title":"Development of a Luminex bead based assay for diagnosis of toxocariasis using recombinant antigens Tc-CTL-1 and Tc-TES-26","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003694","article-title":"Development of Ss-NIE-1 recombinant antigen based assays for immunodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis","volume":"9","author":"Rascoe","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"BMC Bioinformatics","first-page":"77","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2860","article-title":"Comparative assessment of ELISAs using recombinant saposin-like protein 2 and recombinant cathepsin L-1 from Fasciola hepatica for the serodiagnosis of human fasciolosis","volume":"8","author":"Gottstein","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","first-page":"455","article-title":"Induction of immunoglobulin G4 in human filariasis: an indicator of immunoregulation","volume":"104","author":"Adjobimey","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"3444","article-title":"Development of antibody isotype responses to Schistosoma mansoni in an immunologically naive immigrant population: influence of infection duration, infection intensity, and host age","volume":"67","author":"Naus","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Association of a sex-related difference of Strongyloides stercoralis-specific IgG4 antibody titer with the efficacy of treatment of strongyloidiasis","volume":"71","author":"Satoh","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Antibody response patterns against Schistosoma mansoni in a recently exposed community in Senegal","volume":"173","author":"van Dam","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"518","article-title":"New developments in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of fascioliasis","volume":"25","author":"Cabada","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"653","article-title":"Longitudinal evaluation of enteric protozoa in Haitian children by stool exam and multiplex serologic assay","volume":"90","author":"Moss","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"618","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma in a coastal region of Haiti: multiplex bead assay detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies that recognize the SAG2A antigen","volume":"143","author":"Priest","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/4\/article-p852.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/4\/article-p852.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/4\/article-p852.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:55:18Z","timestamp":1723067718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/4\/article-p852.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,5]]}}}