{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:52:49Z","timestamp":1790754769879,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Water-related diseases are closely linked with drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators, socioeconomic status, education level, or dwelling\u2019s conditions. Developing countries exhibit a particular vulnerability to these diseases, especially rural areas and urban slums. This study assessed socioeconomic features, WASH indicators, and water-related diseases in two rural areas of the Colombian Caribbean coast. Most of this population did not finish basic education (72.3%, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 159). Only one of the communities had a water supply (aqueduct), whereas the other received water via an adapted tanker ship. No respondents reported sewage services; 92.7% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 204) had garbage service. Reported cases of diarrhea were associated with low education levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 2.37 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>) and an unimproved drinking water supply (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.035). At least one fever episode was reported in 20% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 44) of dwellings, but the cases were not related to any indicator. The <jats:italic>Aedes\/<\/jats:italic>House index (percentage of houses that tested positive for <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> larvae and\/or pupae) was 69%, the container index (percentage of water-holding containers positive for <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> larvae or pupae) 29.4%, and the Breteau index (number of positive containers per 100 houses in a specific location) was three positive containers per 100 inspected houses. The presence of positive containers was associated with the absence of a drinking water supply (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04). The community with poorer health indicators showed greater health vulnerability conditions for acquisition of water-related diseases. In summary, water supply and educational level were the main factors associated with the presence of water-related diseases in both communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T07:00:37Z","timestamp":1506409237000},"page":"1378-1392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Analysis of Health Indicators in Two Rural Communities on the Colombian Caribbean Coast: Poor Water Supply and Education Level Are Associated with Water-Related Diseases"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda Stephany","family":"Ruiz-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo Jos\u00e9","family":"Mora-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n Israel","family":"Salguedo-Madrid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngelo","family":"Alario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento M\u00e9dico, Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n UNIMOL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris Esther","family":"G\u00f3mez-Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Medicina Tropical, Grupo de 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