{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T20:47:33Z","timestamp":1778186853803,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Little is known about the burden of Q fever in Thailand. We conducted a serological study to describe the prevalence of anti-<jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibodies among ruminants and occupationally exposed persons in response to the report of the first two Q fever endocarditis patients in Thailand in 2012. We randomly selected ruminant sera from brucellosis surveillance and examined sera of 661 occupationally exposed subjects from two provinces of Thailand: Chiangmai and Nakornratchasima. Animal and human sera were tested using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Environmental samples, vaginal swab, and milk from cows in Chiangmai farms with detectable anti-<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> serum antibodies were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the 1,632 animal sera tested, 64 (3.9%) were seropositive. The prevalence was highest in dairy cattle (4.6%, 45\/988), followed by goats (3.5%, 18\/516) and sheep (2.1%, 1\/48). The prevalence of anti-<jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> antibodies in each species varied significantly by province: the prevalence in cattle was higher in Chiangmai (5.5% versus 0%), however, the prevalence in sheep and goats was higher in Nakornratchasima (5.9% versus 1.0%). Four out of 60 milk samples were positive by PCR (6.7%). No environmental samples were positive. Among 661 human samples, 83 (12.6%) were ELISA positive. Seroprevalence was statistically higher in Chiangmai compare with Nakornratchasima (42.8% versus 3.0%). <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection exists in Thailand, but the prevalence varies by geographic distribution and animal reservoirs. Further studies focusing on the burden and risk factors of <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> infection among high-risk groups should be conducted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T01:50:28Z","timestamp":1485222628000},"page":"786-790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii Antibodies Among Ruminants and Occupationally Exposed People in Thailand, 2012\u20132013"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Pawinee","family":"Doung-ngern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Diseases Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teerasak","family":"Chuxnum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Diseases Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Decha","family":"Pangjai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pattarin","family":"Opaschaitat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nattinee","family":"Kittiwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pranee","family":"Rodtian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Fifth Regional Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Chiangmai, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noppawan","family":"Buameetoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Disease Control and Veterinary Services, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert J.","family":"Kersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Emerging Zoonoses and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawin","family":"Padungtod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection Regional Center, Thai MOPH \u2013 U.S. CDC Collaboration, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand and Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"679","article-title":"Q fever","volume":"367","author":"Parker","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Presence and persistence of Coxiella burnetii in the environments of goat farms associated with a Q fever outbreak","volume":"79","author":"Kersh","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","first-page":"2511","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)","author":"Marrie","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"247","article-title":"Q fever in the United States: summary of case reports from two national surveillance systems, 2000\u20132012","volume":"92","author":"Dahlgren","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"N S W Public Health 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One","first-page":"e42364","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) seropositivity in dairy goat farmers' households in The Netherlands, 2009\u20132010","volume":"7","author":"Schimmer","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"ICD-10 Data of Patients Diagnosis with Endocarditis in Thailand 2012\u20132013 (ICD10 - I33, I33.9, I39.8)","author":"Bureau of Policy and Strategy Ministry of Public Health Thailand","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"Arch Intern Med","first-page":"463","article-title":"Clinical presentation, etiology, and outcome of infective endocarditis in the 21st century: the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"169","author":"Murdoch","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and 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