{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,2]],"date-time":"2025-08-02T04:22:07Z","timestamp":1754108527657},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Household members of cholera patients are at a 100 times higher risk of cholera than the general population. Despite this risk, there are only a handful of studies that have investigated the handwashing practices among hospitalized diarrhea patients and their accompanying household members. To investigate handwashing practices in a hospital setting among this high-risk population, 444 hours of structured observation was conducted in a hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, among 148 cholera patients and their household members. Handwashing with soap practices were observed at the following key events: after toileting, after cleaning the anus of a child, after removing child feces, during food preparation, before eating, and before feeding. Spot-checks were also conducted to observe the presence of soap at bathroom areas. Overall, 4% (4\/103) of key events involved handwashing with soap among cholera patients and household members during the structured observation period. This was 3% (1\/37) among cholera patients and 5% (3\/66) for household members. For toileting events, observed handwashing with soap was 7% (3\/46) overall, 7% (1\/14) for cholera patients, and 6% (2\/32) for household members. For food-related events, overall observed handwashing with soap was 2% (2\/93 overall), and 0% (0\/34) and 3% (2\/59) for cholera patients and household members, respectively. Soap was observed at only 7% (4\/55) of handwashing stations used by patients and household members during spot-checks. Observed handwashing with soap at key times among patients and accompanying household members was very low. These findings highlight the urgent need for interventions to target this high-risk population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T03:29:34Z","timestamp":1475551774000},"page":"1314-1318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Observed Handwashing with Soap Practices Among Cholera Patients and Accompanying Household Members in a Hospital Setting (CHoBI7 Trial)"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Fatema","family":"Zohura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sazzadul Islam","family":"Bhuyian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirajum","family":"Monira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzana","family":"Begum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shwapon K.","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tahmina","family":"Parvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Bradley","family":"Sack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elli","family":"Leontsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Saif-Ur-Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahamud-ur","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rumana","family":"Sharmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Munirul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine Marie","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"223","article-title":"Cholera","volume":"363","author":"Sack","year":"2004"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Cholera, Fact Sheet N\u00b0107","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"165","article-title":"Incidence of and risk factors for hospital-acquired diarrhea in three tertiary 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(WHO)","key":"ref31"},{"year":"2014","series-title":"Bangladesh National Hygiene Baseline Survey: Preliminary Report","author":"Unicomb","key":"ref32"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"545","article-title":"Observed hand cleanliness and other measures of handwashing behavior in rural Bangladesh","volume":"10","author":"Halder","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1508","article-title":"A community-randomised controlled trial promoting waterless hand sanitizer and handwashing with soap, Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"15","author":"Luby","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and 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