{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:31:26Z","timestamp":1770895886044,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic>. Most human infections in the United States are caused by <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>, but other infection-causing <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> parasites have been documented as well. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)\u2013based methods can be used to identify this parasite to the species level. In this study, published real-time PCR assays for the specific detection of <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> were evaluated against conventional PCR for their analytical performance. All evaluated real-time PCR assays had comparable dynamic range and amplification efficiency, but the sensitivity and specificity varied. The best performing test, a TaqMan assay targeting the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, was further evaluated for diagnostic performance using blood specimens submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for parasite detection and was found to have 100% sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, the 18S TaqMan real-time PCR assay is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for identification of <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic> among cases of babesiosis in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T20:13:13Z","timestamp":1476821593000},"page":"1413-1416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparison of Babesia microti Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Confirmatory Diagnosis of Babesiosis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Samaly S.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry S.","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Sprinkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Qvarnstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"188","article-title":"Congenital babesiosis in a four-week-old female infant","volume":"29","author":"Aderinboye","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"509","article-title":"Transfusion-associated babesiosis in the United States: a description of cases","volume":"155","author":"Herwaldt","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"810","article-title":"A case of babesiosis in man in the United States","volume":"17","author":"Scholtens","year":"1968"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","first-page":"505","article-title":"Babesiosis surveillance: 18 States, 2011","volume":"61","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Procedures for Detecting Blood Parasites. Diagnostic Medical Parasitology","first-page":"829","author":"Garcia","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"284","article-title":"Babesiosis in Washington State: a new species of Babesia?","volume":"119","author":"Quick","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am","first-page":"469","article-title":"Human babesiosis","volume":"22","author":"Vannier","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"779","article-title":"Description of Babesia duncani n.sp. (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) from humans and its differentiation from other piroplasms","volume":"36","author":"Conrad","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"643","article-title":"A fatal case of babesiosis in Missouri: identification of another piroplasm that infects humans","volume":"124","author":"Herwaldt","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2097","article-title":"Detection of Babesia microti by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"30","author":"Persing","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1208","article-title":"Babesia sp. EU1 from roe deer and transmission within Ixodes ricinus","volume":"13","author":"Bonnet","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Transfusion","first-page":"1517","article-title":"The third described case of transfusion-transmitted Babesia duncani","volume":"52","author":"Bloch","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"622","article-title":"Babesia divergens-like infection, Washington State","volume":"10","author":"Herwaldt","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1689","article-title":"Sensitive and specific detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in clinical specimens using a multi-target real-time PCR approach","volume":"6","author":"Qvarnstrom","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"5636","article-title":"Detection of four Plasmodium species in blood from humans by 18S rRNA gene subunit-based and species-specific real-time PCR assays","volume":"42","author":"Rougemont","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"415","article-title":"Separation and recombination of Babesia divergens and Ehrlichia phagocytophila from a field case of redwater from Eire","volume":"99","author":"Purnell","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Transfusion","first-page":"2299","article-title":"Development of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for sensitive detection and quantitation of Babesia microti infection","volume":"53","author":"Bloch","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"7118","article-title":"Relative importance of Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes trianguliceps as vectors for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in field vole (Microtus agrestis) populations","volume":"74","author":"Bown","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"295","article-title":"Sensitive multiplex PCR assay to differentiate Lyme spirochetes and emerging pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1951","article-title":"Reservoir competence of wildlife host species for Babesia microti","volume":"18","author":"Hersh","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis","first-page":"349","article-title":"Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Babesia microti, with two different multiplex PCR assays","volume":"5","author":"Hojgaard","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"784","article-title":"Quantitative PCR for detection of Babesia microti in Ixodes scapularis ticks and in human blood","volume":"13","author":"Rollend","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"903","article-title":"A new real-time PCR assay for improved detection of the parasite Babesia microti","volume":"50","author":"Teal","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"Transfusion","first-page":"2557","article-title":"Transfusion-transmitted Babesia microti identified through hemovigilance","volume":"49","author":"Tonnetti","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Lab Anim Sci","first-page":"640","article-title":"Pathology of experimental Babesia microti infection in the Syrian hamster","volume":"37","author":"Cullen","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Stat Med","first-page":"857","article-title":"Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods","volume":"17","author":"Newcombe","year":"1998"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/6\/article-p1413.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/6\/article-p1413.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/6\/article-p1413.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T21:50:28Z","timestamp":1723067428000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/95\/6\/article-p1413.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0406","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]}}}