{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:03:55Z","timestamp":1762459435047},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although large outbreaks of hepatitis E are regularly identified in south Asia, the majority of south Asian countries lack surveillance systems for this disease, which has hindered burden of disease estimates and prioritization of resources for prevention. Our study aimed to identify small hepatitis E outbreaks through a sentinel private laboratory in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We identified patients with detectable IgM antibody against hepatitis E virus. We defined a small outbreak as at least two laboratory-confirmed cases or \u2265 2 acute jaundice cases from the sentinel cases' family, neighborhood, or workplace. From November 2008 to November 2009, we identified 29 small outbreaks of hepatitis E from one private laboratory. The median number of cases in each outbreak was three. Cases were identified every month. Eighteen outbreaks occurred among families or neighbors, and 11 in the workplace. Among 103 cases identified as part of outbreaks, 31 (30%) sought care for diagnosis. In Bangladesh, collaboration between government public health surveillance and private laboratories can strengthen capacity for outbreak detection and improve estimates of disease burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T02:45:46Z","timestamp":1482201946000},"page":"395-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Surveillance at Private Laboratories Identifies Small Outbreaks of Hepatitis E in Urban Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Hossain M. S.","family":"Sazzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alain B.","family":"Labrique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong-Gee","family":"Teo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Luby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University, Stanford, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Gurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis","volume":"247","author":"Reyes","year":"1990"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Indian J Med Res","first-page":"1","article-title":"Infectious hepatitis in Delhi (1955\u201356): a critical study; epidemiology","volume":"45","author":"Viswathanan","year":"1957"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"3140","article-title":"Epidemic non-A, non-B hepatitis in Nepal. Recovery of a possible etiologic agent and transmission studies in marmosets","volume":"252","author":"Kane","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"875","article-title":"Population seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus antibodies in rural Bangladesh","volume":"81","author":"Labrique","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"731","article-title":"Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus among United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) peacekeepers, 1995","volume":"58","author":"Gambel","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"721","article-title":"Hepatitis e virus infection in fulminant hepatitis patients and an apparently healthy population in Bangladesh","volume":"66","author":"Sheikh","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Rev Med Virol","first-page":"145","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus","volume":"13","author":"Emerson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e61090","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from household water supply in Dhaka, Bangladesh","volume":"8","author":"Talukdar","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"658","article-title":"Outbreak of hepatitis E in urban Bangladesh resulting in maternal and perinatal mortality","volume":"59","author":"Gurley","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1436","article-title":"Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study","volume":"349","author":"Murray","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Hepatology","first-page":"988","article-title":"The global burden of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005","volume":"55","author":"Rein","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"895","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in healthy adults: a large-scale, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"376","author":"Zhu","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"304","article-title":"Hepatitis E vaccine: WHO position paper, May 2015\u2013recommendations","volume":"34","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Bangladesh Population and Housing Census 2011","author":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics","key":"ref14"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"e24","article-title":"Serologic assays specific to immunoglobulin M antibodies against hepatitis E virus: pangenotypic evaluation of performances","volume":"51","author":"Drobeniuc","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Rev Med Virol","first-page":"151","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus","volume":"17","author":"Panda","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Trop Gastroenterol","first-page":"107","article-title":"Routes of transmission in the hepatitis E epidemic of Saharanpur","volume":"19","author":"Singh","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"66","article-title":"A hepatitis E outbreak caused by a temporary interruption in a municipal water treatment system, Baripada, Orissa, India, 2004","volume":"104","author":"Swain","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology","first-page":"9","article-title":"Bacteriological safety assessment of municipal tap water and quality of bottle water in Dhaka city: health hazard analysis","volume":"4","author":"Islam","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"J Environ Sci Nat Resour","first-page":"41","article-title":"A quality analysis of Dhaka WASA drinking water: detection and biochemical characterization of the isolates","volume":"4","author":"Nahar","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Water Res","first-page":"5176","article-title":"Comparing microbial water quality in an intermittent and continuous piped water supply","volume":"47","author":"Kumpel","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"J Appl Microbiol","first-page":"388","article-title":"Usefulness of the hydrogen sulfide test for assessment of water quality in Bangladesh","volume":"104","author":"Gupta","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"328","article-title":"The two faces of hepatitis E virus","volume":"51","author":"Hughes","year":"2010"},{"year":"2010","series-title":"The global prevalence of hepatitis E virus infection and susceptibility: a systematic review","author":"World Health Organization","key":"ref24"},{"year":"2011","series-title":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics","author":"Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics","key":"ref25"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"Health Bulletin 2012","first-page":"53","author":"Director General Health Services Bangladesh","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"World Dev","first-page":"255","article-title":"Sickness and death: economic consequences and coping strategies of the urban poor in Bangladesh","volume":"72","author":"Khan","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"J Health Popul Nutr","first-page":"367","article-title":"Screening utility, local perceptions, and care-seeking for reported jaundeesh among respondents lacking signs of icterus in rural Bangladesh","volume":"31","author":"Hossain","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"261","article-title":"Completeness and timeliness of electronic vs. conventional laboratory reporting for communicable disease surveillance-Oklahoma, 2011","volume":"129","author":"Johnson","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Automated, laboratory-based system using the internet for disease outbreak detection, The Netherlands","volume":"9","author":"Widdowson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"BMC Health Serv Res","first-page":"260","article-title":"eHealth and mHealth initiatives in Bangladesh: a scoping study","volume":"14","author":"Ahmed","year":"2014"},{"year":"2016","series-title":"Bangladesh: Dhaka Water Supply Sector Development Program","author":"Asian Development Bank","key":"ref32"},{"year":"2014","series-title":"Draft Recommendations of the SAGE Working Group on Hepatitis E","author":"World Health Organization","key":"ref33"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/2\/article-p395.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/2\/article-p395.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/2\/article-p395.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:41:31Z","timestamp":1723070491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/2\/article-p395.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0411","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]}}}