{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:51:24Z","timestamp":1792191084136,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reported herein is the first case of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\u2013human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection in Ecuador. In Ecuador, HIV infections overlap endemic areas of leishmaniasis. Immunosuppression is a well-established risk factor for developing severe disease. This is a severe case of a 32-year-old man presenting with disseminated pleomorphic ulcers, papules, and cutaneous plaque-like lesions over his whole body. Numerous amastigotes were observed in both skin scrapings and biopsies. The sequence of the <jats:italic>cytochrome b<\/jats:italic> gene confirmed the presence of <jats:italic>Leishmania guyanensis<\/jats:italic>. The patient was treated but failed to respond to meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin B. Six months later, the patient died due to bacterial septic shock.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,14]],"date-time":"2017-02-14T01:40:26Z","timestamp":1487036426000},"page":"1151-1154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Coinfection of Leishmania guyanensis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus\u2013Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: Report of a Case of Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Calvopina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Medicina, Universidad De Las Americas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Cevallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Warburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel."},{"name":"PROMETEO, Secretar\u00eda Nacional de Educaci\u00f3n Superior, Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (SENESCYT), Ecuador."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"286","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed individuals","volume":"20","author":"van Griensven","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"334","article-title":"The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years","volume":"21","author":"Alvar","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"840","article-title":"Case report: severe cutaneous leishmaniasis in a human immunodeficiency virus patient coinfected with Leishmania braziliensis and its endosymbiotic virus","volume":"94","author":"Parmentier","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"524","article-title":"American tegumentary leishmaniasis and HIV-AIDS association in a tertiary care center in the Brazilian Amazon","volume":"85","author":"Guerra","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Br J Dermatol","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Comparative study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients in French Guiana","volume":"151","author":"Couppi\u00e9","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Leishmaniasis En La Regi\u00f3n de Las Am\u00e9ricas. Reuni\u00f3n de Coordinadores de Programa Nacional de Leishmaniasis","author":"V\u00e9lez Nieto","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"663","article-title":"Epidemiology of leishmaniasis in Ecuador: current status of knowledge: a review","volume":"99","author":"Calvopina","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin","first-page":"465","article-title":"Lesi\u00f3n cut\u00e1nea esporotricoide en un paciente procedente de una regi\u00f3n subtropical de Ecuador","volume":"32","author":"Calvopina","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"139","article-title":"Leishmania isoenzyme polymorphisms in Ecuador: relationships with geographic distribution and clinical presentation","volume":"6","author":"Calvopina","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Rev Fac Cienc Med","first-page":"31","article-title":"Prevalencia y formas cl\u00ednicas de las leishmaniasis en el noroccidente de la provincia de Pichincha: Ecuador","volume":"37","author":"Calvopina","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004844","article-title":"Geographic distribution of Leishmania species in Ecuador based on the cytochrome b gene sequence analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kato","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"An\u00e1lisis de la Situaci\u00f3n del VIH en el Ecuador. Documento de Trabajo","first-page":"1","author":"Programa Nacional del Sida (PNS)","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Informe Nacional sobre los Progresos Realizados en la Aplicaci\u00f3n del UNGASS","first-page":"1","author":"Programa Nacional de Prevenci\u00f3n y Control del VIH\/Sida-ITS","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Br J Dermatol","first-page":"311","article-title":"Unusual manifestations of tegumentary leishmaniasis in AIDS patients from the New World","volume":"160","author":"Lindoso","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"153","article-title":"Comparison of the effectiveness of two topical paromomycin treatments versus meglumine antimoniate for New World cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"91","author":"Armijos","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"140","article-title":"The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in subtropical Ecuador","volume":"2","author":"Armijos","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"555","article-title":"Case report: co-infection of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and HIV: report of a case of mucosal leishmaniasis in Cochabamba, Bolivia","volume":"81","author":"Torrico","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America","author":"Panel on Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/5\/article-p1151.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/5\/article-p1151.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/5\/article-p1151.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:27:23Z","timestamp":1723069643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/5\/article-p1151.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0431","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]}}}