{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:50:46Z","timestamp":1792284646877,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Several case reports of autochthonous leishmaniasis in Thailand have been published since 1996. Most of the previous cases presented with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and were mostly reported in southern part of Thailand. Recently, it has been evident that <jats:italic>Leishmania martiniquensis<\/jats:italic> is the main cause of <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> infection in Thailand. However, <jats:italic>Leishmania siamensis<\/jats:italic> (PCM2 Trang isolate) was found to be of a separate lineage with restricted distribution in southern Thailand and also a cause of disseminated dermal and visceral leishmaniasis in one published case. Here we report the first patient from central Thailand with human immunodeficiency virus infection presenting with disseminated dermal leishmaniasis. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis (large subunit of RNA polymerase II and 18S ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer 1) from the tissue biopsy sample revealed the pathogen sequences to be highly homologous to PCM2 Trang strain previously reported from southern Thailand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T03:00:48Z","timestamp":1485831648000},"page":"1160-1163","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Disseminated Autochthonous Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis (PCM2 Trang) in a Patient from Central Thailand Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Chavalit","family":"Supsrisunjai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanawatt","family":"Kootiratrakarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pailin","family":"Puangpet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thareena","family":"Bunnag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prapaipit","family":"Chaowalit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesarat","family":"Wessagowit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"103","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Suttinont","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"8","article-title":"autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis: a report of a second case in Thailand","volume":"38","author":"Kongkaew","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"988","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Thailand","volume":"39","author":"Maharom","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"23","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis: the first indigenous case report in Thailand","volume":"93","author":"Thisyakorn","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"617","article-title":"A suspected new species of Leishmania, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in a Thai patient","volume":"38","author":"Sukmee","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e3339","article-title":"First isolation of Leishmania from northern Thailand: case report, identification as Leishmania martiniquensis and phylogenetic position within the Leishmania enriettii complex","volume":"8","author":"Pothirat","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"821","article-title":"Autochthonous disseminated dermal and visceral leishmaniasis in an AIDS patient, southern Thailand, caused by Leishmania siamensis","volume":"86","author":"Bualert","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e98110","article-title":"Identification of clinically relevant fungi and Prototheca species by rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus PCR coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"60","article-title":"Multilocus characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Leishmania siamensis isolated from autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis cases, southern Thailand","volume":"13","author":"Leelayoova","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol","first-page":"149","article-title":"Evolution of the genus Leishmania revealed by comparison of DNA and RNA polymerase gene sequences","volume":"89","author":"Croan","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"571","article-title":"Evidence incriminating midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as potential vectors of Leishmania in Australia","volume":"41","author":"Dougall","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2294","article-title":"Culture-independent species typing of neotropical Leishmania for clinical validation of a PCR-based assay targeting heat shock protein 70 genes","volume":"42","author":"Garcia","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"46","article-title":"Detection and species identification of Old World Leishmania in clinical samples using a PCR-based method","volume":"102","author":"Spanakos","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"89","article-title":"Early detection of novel Leishmania species DNA in the saliva of two HIV-infected patients","volume":"16","author":"Siriyasatien","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","first-page":"641","article-title":"Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis: co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","volume":"74","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Immunol Today","first-page":"107","article-title":"A TH1 \u2192 TH2 switch is a critical step in the etiology of HIV infection","volume":"14","author":"Clerici","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"1405","article-title":"Cavernicolous species of phlebotomine sand flies from Kanchanaburi Province, with an updated species list for Thailand","volume":"42","author":"Apiwathnasorn","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/5\/article-p1160.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/5\/article-p1160.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/5\/article-p1160.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:30:45Z","timestamp":1723069845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/5\/article-p1160.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]}}}