{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T06:07:41Z","timestamp":1789970861451,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Studies designed to determine the effects of mass administration of azithromycin on trachoma have suggested that mass azithromycin distributions may also reduce the prevalence of malaria. These studies have typically examined the impact of a small number of treatments over short durations. In this prespecified substudy of a cluster-randomized trial for trachoma, we compared malaria parasitemia prevalence in 24 communities in Niger randomized to receive either annual or biannual mass azithromycin distributions over 3 years. The 12 communities randomized to annual azithromycin received three treatments during the high-transmission season, and the 12 communities randomized to biannual azithromycin received a total of six treatments: three during the high-transmission season and three during the low-transmission season. Blood samples were taken to assess malariometric indices among children in all study communities at a single time point during the high-transmission season after 3 years of the intervention. No significant differences were identified in malaria parasitemia, parasite density, or hemoglobin concentration between the annual and biannual treatment arms. When compared with annual mass azithromycin alone, additional mass azithromycin distributions given during the low-transmission season did not significantly reduce the subsequent prevalence of malaria parasitemia or parasite density after 3 years, as measured during the high-transmission season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T06:03:43Z","timestamp":1504850623000},"page":"696-701","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mass Azithromycin and Malaria Parasitemia in Niger: Results from a Community-Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Kieran S.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Y.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdou","family":"Amza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme FSS\/Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boubacar","family":"Kadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme FSS\/Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baido","family":"Nassirou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme FSS\/Universit\u00e9 Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Stoller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheila K.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin L.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Rosenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Gaynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis C.","family":"Porco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Lietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"146","article-title":"Successful double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled field trial of azithromycin and doxycycline as prophylaxis for malaria in western Kenya","volume":"26","author":"Andersen","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"255","article-title":"Azithromycin-chloroquine and the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Chico","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1264","article-title":"Azithromycin 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baseline data of a randomized trial to evaluate coverage and frequency of mass treatment with azithromycin: the Partnership for Rapid Elimination of Trachoma (PRET) in Tanzania and The Gambia","volume":"18","author":"Stare","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1586","article-title":"Community risk factors for ocular Chlamydia infection in Niger: pre-treatment results from a cluster-randomized trachoma trial","volume":"6","author":"Amza","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"6","article-title":"Simplification and improvement of height-based azithromycin treatment for paediatric trachoma","volume":"99","author":"Basilion","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"1464","article-title":"Antibiotic dosage in trachoma control programs: height as a surrogate for weight in 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