{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T10:53:09Z","timestamp":1756896789988},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/jats:italic> is a halophilic gram-negative bacillus isolated in seawater, fish, and shellfish. Infection by <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic> is the most severe food-borne infection reported in the United States of America. Here, we aimed to examine the clinical usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using tissue specimens other than blood samples as a diagnostic tool for <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic> infection. A retrospective study was conducted with patients who underwent real-time PCR of <jats:italic>toxR<\/jats:italic> in both blood and skin tissues, including serum, bullae, swab, and operation room specimens, between 2006 and 2009. The median <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic> DNA load of 14 patients in real-time PCR analysis of serum at the time of admission was 638.5 copies\/mL blood, which was within the interquartile range (IQR: 37\u20133,225). In contrast, the median value by real-time PCR using the first tissue specimen at the time of admission was 16,650 copies\/mL tissue fluid (IQR: 4,419\u2013832,500). This difference was statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.022). DNA copy numbers in tissues were less affected by short-term antibiotic administration than that in blood samples, and antibiotic administration increased the DNA copy number in some patients. We found, for the first time, that DNA copy numbers in tissues of patients infected by <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic> were higher than those in blood samples. Additionally, skin lesions were more useful than blood samples as specimens for PCR analysis in patients administered antibiotics for <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic> infection before admission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T07:00:12Z","timestamp":1494313212000},"page":"443-446","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical Usefulness of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Vibrio vulnificus Infection Using Skin and Soft Tissues"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Jun-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seok Won","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na Ra","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choon-Mee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Hong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Am J Gastroenterol","first-page":"1195","article-title":"Chronic liver disease and consumption of raw oysters: a potentially lethal combination: a review of Vibrio vulnificus septicemia","volume":"100","author":"Haq","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"607","article-title":"Food-related illness and death in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Mead","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"318","article-title":"Syndromes of Vibrio vulnificus infections. Clinical and epidemiologic features in Florida cases, 1981\u20131987","volume":"109","author":"Klontz","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","first-page":"3489","article-title":"In vitro efficacy of the combination of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime against Vibrio vulnificus","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Microbiol Methods","first-page":"77","article-title":"Development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction targeted to the toxR for detection of Vibrio vulnificus","volume":"61","author":"Takahashi","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2992","article-title":"Comparison of conventional, nested, and real-time PCR assays for rapid and accurate detection of Vibrio vulnificus","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"413","article-title":"Vibrio vulnificus DNA load and mortality","volume":"49","author":"Kim","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"1443","article-title":"High levels of mecA DNA detected by a quantitative real-time PCR assay are associated with mortality in patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"47","author":"Ho","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"259","article-title":"pH level as a marker for predicting death among patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection, South Korea, 2000\u20132011","volume":"21","author":"Yun","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/2\/article-p443.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/2\/article-p443.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/2\/article-p443.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:18:36Z","timestamp":1723069116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/2\/article-p443.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0512","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]}}}