{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:22:31Z","timestamp":1790025751986,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many neglected tropical zoonotic pathogens are maintained by introduced mammals, and on islands the most common introduced species are rodents, cats, and dogs. Management of introduced mammals, including control or eradication of feral populations, which is frequently done for ecological restoration, could also reduce or eliminate the pathogens these animals carry. Understanding the burden of these zoonotic diseases is crucial for quantifying the potential public health benefits of introduced mammal management. However, epidemiological data are only available from a small subset of islands where these introduced mammals co-occur with people. We examined socioeconomic and climatic variables as predictors for disease burdens of angiostrongyliasis, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis, and rabies from 57 islands or island countries. We found strong correlates of disease burden for leptospirosis, <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> infection, angiostrongyliasis, and toxocariasis with more than 50% of the variance explained, and an average of 57% (range = 32\u201395%) predictive accuracy on out-of-sample data. We used these relationships to provide estimates of leptospirosis incidence and <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence infection on islands where nonnative rodents and cats are present. These predicted estimates of disease burden could be used in an initial assessment of whether the costs of managing introduced mammal reservoirs might be less than the costs of perpetual treatment of these diseases on islands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T03:00:48Z","timestamp":1485831648000},"page":"749-757","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Estimating Burdens of Neglected Tropical Zoonotic Diseases on Islands with Introduced Mammals"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Luz A.","family":"de Wit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Croll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernie","family":"Tershy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dena R.","family":"Spatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California."},{"name":"Island Conservation, Santa Cruz, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick D.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Island Conservation, Santa Cruz, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Marm","family":"Kilpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Ambio","first-page":"101","article-title":"High-impact conservation: invasive mammal eradications from the islands of western M\u00e9xico","volume":"37","author":"Aguirre-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"101","article-title":"Plague, a reemerging disease in Madagascar","volume":"4","author":"Chanteau","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Environ Conserv","first-page":"98","article-title":"Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive alien species in island ecosystems","volume":"34","author":"Reaser","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"60","article-title":"Infectious diseases of dogs and cats on Isabela Island, Galapagos","volume":"22","author":"Levy","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Conservation of Island Birds","first-page":"35","article-title":"The spread of commensal species of Rattus to oceanic islands and their effects on island avifaunas","author":"Atkinson","year":"1985"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Conserv Biol","first-page":"232","article-title":"Eradication of invasive mammals on islands inhabited by humans and domestic animals","volume":"25","author":"Oppel","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"The Threatened Island Biodiversity Database (developed by Island Conservation,University of California Santa Cruz Coastal Conservation Action Lab, BirdLife International and IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group)","author":"Threatened Island Biodiversity Database Partners","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species","author":"IUCN","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Zoonoses and Veterinary Public Health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Diseases That Can Be Spread From Pets to People","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases: Opportunities for Integrated Intervention Strategies","first-page":"342","article-title":"Neglected zoonotic diseases","author":"King","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"106","article-title":"Zoonoses and marginalised infectious diseases of poverty: where do we stand?","volume":"4","author":"Molyneux","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"501","article-title":"The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Torgerson","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"PLoS Biol","first-page":"e53","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and prospects for the elimination of canine rabies","volume":"7","author":"Hampson","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"BMC Infect Dis","first-page":"147","article-title":"Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region","volume":"9","author":"Victoriano","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Zoonoses Public Health","first-page":"34","article-title":"Cats and Toxoplasma: implications for public health","volume":"57","author":"Dabritz","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"637","article-title":"Dynamics of dog and cat populations in a community","volume":"210","author":"Patronek","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis","first-page":"296","article-title":"Norway rat population in Baltimore, Maryland, 2004","volume":"5","author":"Easterbrook","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Prev Vet Med","first-page":"79","article-title":"Canine ecology and socioeconomic factors associated with dogs unvaccinated against rabies in a Mexican city across the US\u2013Mexico border","volume":"62","author":"Flores-Ibarra","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Conserv Biol","first-page":"1258","article-title":"Invasive rodent eradication on islands","volume":"21","author":"Howald","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Emu","first-page":"1","article-title":"Eradications of invasive mammals from islands: why, where, how and what next?","volume":"110","author":"Phillips","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref22","series-title":"N Z J Ecol","first-page":"141","article-title":"Predator control allows critically endangered lizards to recover on mainland New Zealand","volume":"36","author":"Reardon","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref23","series-title":"Biol Invasions","first-page":"213","article-title":"Large-scale rodent control reduces pre- and post-dispersal seed predation of the endangered Hawaiian lobeliad, Cyanea superba subsp superba (Campanulaceae)","volume":"15","author":"Pender","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref24","series-title":"PLoS Biol","first-page":"e1001456","article-title":"Disease ecology, biodiversity, and the latitudinal gradient in income","volume":"10","author":"Bonds","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref25","series-title":"Restor Ecol","first-page":"790","article-title":"Passive recovery of vegetation after herbivore eradication on Santa Cruz Island, California","volume":"22","author":"Beltran","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref26","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"1","article-title":"Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies","volume":"9","author":"Hampson","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref27","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003898","article-title":"Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Costa","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref28","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"7301","article-title":"Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities","volume":"104","author":"Bettencourt","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref29","series-title":"J Pest Sci","first-page":"113","article-title":"Habitat preferences and distribution of the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus Berk.) in the city of Salzburg (Austria): implications for an urban rat management","volume":"79","author":"Traweger","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"Int J Environ Health Res","first-page":"301","article-title":"Socio-environmental determinants of the leptospirosis outbreak of 1996 in western Rio de Janeiro: a geographical approach","volume":"10","author":"Barcellos","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref31","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"11","article-title":"Impact of environment and social gradient on Leptospira infection in urban slums","volume":"2","author":"Reis","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref32","series-title":"Biol Conserv","first-page":"75","article-title":"Trophic roles of black rats and seabird impacts on tropical islands: mesopredator release or hyperpredation?","volume":"185","author":"Ringler","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref33","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1676","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in cat feces and estimates of the environmental oocyst burden","volume":"231","author":"Dabritz","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref34","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"629","article-title":"Spatial distribution of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil in a rural area: influence of cats and land use","volume":"205","author":"Gotteland","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref35","series-title":"Ecol Lett","first-page":"467","article-title":"Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases","volume":"9","author":"Altizer","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref36","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"621","article-title":"Human angiostrongyliasis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref37","series-title":"Informal Consultation on Global Burden of Leptospirosis: Methods of Assessment","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref38","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"191","article-title":"Echinococcosis: an international public health challenge","volume":"74","author":"Torgerson","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref39","series-title":"Gideon infectious diseases database","author":"Gideon","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref40","series-title":"Int J Parasitol","first-page":"1019","article-title":"Advances in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii","volume":"28","author":"Dubey","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref41","series-title":"Vet Parasitol","first-page":"398","article-title":"Veterinary and public health aspects of Toxocara spp","volume":"193","author":"Overgaauw","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref42","series-title":"Epidemiol Infect","first-page":"167","article-title":"Animal leptospirosis in small tropical areas","volume":"139","author":"Desvars","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref43","series-title":"Vet Microbiol","first-page":"43","article-title":"Canine vaccination: providing broader benefits for disease control","volume":"117","author":"Cleaveland","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref44","series-title":"World Bank Open Data","author":"World Bank Group","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref45","series-title":"The CIA World Factbook Library","author":"The CIA World Factbook","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref46","series-title":"UNdata Country Profiles","author":"UNdata","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref47","series-title":"Migration Profiles: Common Set of Indicators","author":"United Nations Children's Emergency Fund","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref48","series-title":"\u00c9conomie: Produits int\u00e9rieurs bruts r\u00e9gionaux et valeurs ajout\u00e9es r\u00e9gionales de 1990 \u00e0 2012","author":"INSEE","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref49","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"b2393","article-title":"Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls","volume":"338","author":"Sterne","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref50","series-title":"WorldClim: Global Climate Data","author":"Hijmans","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref51","series-title":"ArcGIS","author":"Environmental Systems Resource Institute (ESRI)","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref52","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R-Core-Team","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref53","series-title":"Ecol Lett","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Performance of several variable-selection methods applied to real ecological data","volume":"12","author":"Murtaugh","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref54","series-title":"Epidemiology","first-page":"260","article-title":"Instrumental variables application and limitations","volume":"17","author":"Martens","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref55","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA","first-page":"4033","article-title":"Invasive mammal eradication on islands results in substantial conservation gains","volume":"113","author":"Jones","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref56","series-title":"Nature","first-page":"628","article-title":"Introduced species and their missing parasites","volume":"421","author":"Torchin","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref57","series-title":"Anim Conserv","first-page":"439","article-title":"Costing eradications of alien mammals from islands","volume":"9","author":"Martins","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref58","series-title":"Anim Conserv","first-page":"154","article-title":"Complexities of costing eradications","volume":"10","author":"Donlan","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref59","series-title":"Health Policy Plan","first-page":"326","article-title":"Calculating and presenting disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"16","author":"Fox-Rushby","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref60","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2197","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Murray","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref61","series-title":"Appl Econ","first-page":"1413","article-title":"An implicit price of a DALY for use in a cost-benefit analysis of ARVs","volume":"2011","author":"Brent","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref62","series-title":"Conserv Biol","first-page":"310","article-title":"A review of feral cat eradication on islands","volume":"18","author":"Nogales","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref63","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2372","article-title":"Designing programs for eliminating canine rabies from islands: Bali, Indonesia as a case study","volume":"7","author":"Townsend","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref64","series-title":"Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development","author":"United Nations","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref65","series-title":"Conference of the Parties Decision X\/2: Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011\u20132020","author":"Convention on Biological Diversity","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref66","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e90032","article-title":"Infectious diseases and their outbreaks in Asia-Pacific: biodiversity and its regulation loss matter","volume":"9","author":"Morand","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref67","series-title":"Conserv Biol","first-page":"722","article-title":"Biodiversity and disease risk: the case of Lyme disease","volume":"14","author":"Ostfeld","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref68","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1822","article-title":"Bushmeat hunting, deforestation, and prediction of zoonotic disease emergence","volume":"11","author":"Wolfe","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref69","series-title":"Biol Invasions","first-page":"3839","article-title":"Bird demographic responses to predator removal programs","volume":"12","author":"Lavers","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/3\/article-p749.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/3\/article-p749.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/3\/article-p749.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:37:55Z","timestamp":1723070275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/3\/article-p749.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0573","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]]}}}