{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:48Z","timestamp":1787031168201,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Currently, impact of schistosomiasis control programs in\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013endemic areas is monitored primarily by assessment of parasitologic indicators only. Our study was conducted to evaluate the use of antibody responses as a way to measure the impact of schistosomiasis control programs. A total of 3,612 serum samples collected at three time points from children 1\u20135 years of age were tested for antibody responses to two schistosome antigens (soluble egg antigen [SEA] and Sm25) by multiplex bead assay. The overall prevalence of antibody responses to SEA was high at baseline (50.0%). After one round of mass drug administration (MDA), there was minimal change in odds of SEA positivity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, confidence interval [CI] = 0.79\u20131.32,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.89). However, after two rounds of treatment, there was a slight decrease in odds of SEA positivity (OR = 0.80, CI = 0.63\u20131.02,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.08). In contrast to the SEA results, prevalence of antibody responses to Sm25 was lowest at baseline (14.1%) and higher in years 2 (19.8%) and 3 (18.4%). After one round of MDA, odds of Sm25 positivity increased significantly (OR = 1.51, CI = 1.14\u20132.02,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.005) and remained significantly higher than baseline after two rounds of MDA (OR = 1.37, CI = 1.07\u20131.76,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.01). There was a significant decrease in the proportion of 1-year-olds with positive SEA responses from 33.1% in year 1 to 13.2% in year 3 and a corresponding decrease in the odds (OR = 3.25, CI = 1.75\u20136.08,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). These results provide preliminary evidence that schistosomiasis program impact can be monitored using serologic responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,27]],"date-time":"2017-03-27T15:49:11Z","timestamp":1490629751000},"page":"1460-1467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Multiplex Serologic Assessment of Schistosomiasis in Western Kenya: Antibody Responses in Preschool Aged Children as a Measure of Reduced Transmission"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Kimberly Y.","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry M.","family":"Kanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith M.","family":"Mwende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Wiegand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Brook","family":"Goodhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Priest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeuk-Mui","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sammy M.","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Evan","family":"Secor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"Lammie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice R.","family":"Odiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"25","article-title":"Schistosomiasis: number of people treated worldwide in 2013","volume":"90","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Chronic 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