{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T05:07:42Z","timestamp":1789880862250,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>From November to December 2012 in S\u00e9lingu\u00e9-Mali, blood samples from 88 febrile patients who tested negative by malaria Paracheck<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were used to assess the presence of sub-RDT <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> as well as <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> applying molecular tools. <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> sp. was present among 57 (60.2%) of the 88 malaria RDT\u2013negative patients, whereas the prevalence of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> were 3.4% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 3), 1.1% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 1), and 0.0%, respectively. The additional diagnostic use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified a high proportion of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> sp.-positive samples and although this may be a concern for malaria control, the respective PCR-identified malaria infections were less likely responsible for the observed fevers given the low parasite density. Also, the low infection levels of <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> and lack of <jats:italic>Babesia<\/jats:italic> among the febrile patients call for further studies to assess the causes of fever among malaria RDT\u2013negative patients in S\u00e9lingu\u00e9.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T03:44:29Z","timestamp":1478576669000},"page":"335-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Molecular Evidence of Malaria and Zoonotic Diseases Among Rapid Diagnostic Test\u2013Negative Febrile Patients in Low-Transmission Season, Mali"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Mahamoudou","family":"Tour\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculte de Medecine et d'Odontostomatologie, Universite des Sciences, Techniques et Technologies, Bamako, Mali."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pelle T.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidy N'D.","family":"Bathily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculte de Medecine et d'Odontostomatologie, Universite des Sciences, Techniques et Technologies, Bamako, Mali."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daouda","family":"Sanogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculte de Medecine et d'Odontostomatologie, Universite des Sciences, Techniques et Technologies, Bamako, Mali."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian W.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin L.","family":"Schi\u00f8ler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen School of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Konradsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen School of Global Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seydou","family":"Doumbia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculte de Medecine et d'Odontostomatologie, Universite des Sciences, Techniques et Technologies, Bamako, Mali."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Alifrangis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Malaria Report 2015","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Mali","author":"Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"WHO Informal Consultation on Fever Management in Peripheral Health Care Settings: A Global Review of Evidence and Practice","author":"D'Acremont","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Bull Inst Pasteur","first-page":"173","article-title":"Borrelia et fi\u00e8vres r\u00e9currentes: aspects \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques actuels","volume":"74","author":"Rodhain","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"151","article-title":"Neuroborreliosis during relapsing fever: review of the clinical manifestations, pathology, and treatment of infections in humans and experimental animals","volume":"26","author":"Cadavid","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e78473","article-title":"The epidemiology and geographic distribution of relapsing fever borreliosis in west and north Africa, with a review of the Ornithodoros erraticus Complex (Acari: Ixodida)","volume":"8","author":"Trape","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4315-1_19","article-title":"Molecular typing of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)","volume":"984","author":"Massung","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Recent Advances and New Perspectives in Research of the Q Fever Bacterium","first-page":"381","article-title":"Coxiella burnetii","volume":"Volume 984","author":"Toman","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am","first-page":"217","article-title":"Biology of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"22","author":"Tilly","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"612","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Q-fever in febrile individuals in Mali","volume":"10","author":"Steinmann","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e1924","article-title":"Endemic foci of the tick-borne relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia crocidurae in Mali, west Africa, and the potential for human infection","volume":"6","author":"Schwan","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod","first-page":"71","article-title":"Serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in Mali","volume":"16","author":"Miller","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"219","article-title":"Seasonality and shift in age-specific malaria prevalence and incidence in Binko and Carri\u00e8re villages close to the lake in Selingu\u00e9, Mali","volume":"15","author":"Tour\u00e9","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol","first-page":"134","article-title":"\u2018Real-time\u2019 PCR-based detection of Coxiella burnetii using conventional techniques","volume":"64","author":"Frangoulidis","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2097","article-title":"Detection of Babesia microti by polymerase chain reaction","volume":"30","author":"Persing","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"117","article-title":"Tickborne relapsing fever diagnosis obscured by malaria, Togo","volume":"13","author":"Nordstrand","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"649","article-title":"The importance of sensitive detection of malaria parasites in the human and insect hosts in epidemiological studies, as shown by the analysis of field samples from Guinea Bissau","volume":"87","author":"Snounou","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"119","article-title":"Genetic deletion of HRP2 and HRP3 in Indian Plasmodium falciparum population and false negative malaria rapid diagnostic test","volume":"125","author":"Kumar","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"194","article-title":"False-negative rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and deletion of the histidine-rich repeat region of the HRP2 gene","volume":"86","author":"Koita","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"37","article-title":"Incidence of tick-borne relapsing fever in west Africa: longitudinal study","volume":"368","author":"Vial","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"From Malaria Control to Malaria Elimination. A Manual for Elimination Scenario Planning","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/2\/article-p335.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/2\/article-p335.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/2\/article-p335.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:42:30Z","timestamp":1723070550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/2\/article-p335.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0700","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]]}}}