{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T18:11:04Z","timestamp":1779127864222,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycetoma is a chronic soft tissue infection caused by fungal or bacterial pathogens, and is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. Cases in developed countries outside the mycetoma belt are rare and usually imported by immigrants. Sporadic cases have been reported in Israel. Unpublished cases in the participating medical centers are reported. In addition, a systematic review of the literature was performed. All published mycetoma cases diagnosed in Israel were included with relevant variables collected. Twenty-one cases of mycetoma were diagnosed in Israel between 1942 and 2015, including four unpublished cases and 17 published cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 42 years (range 23\u201373), and 16 of the patients were male. The foot was the primary involved organ. Fifteen patients were immigrants from Yemen, Ethiopia, and Sudan. Five cases were autochthonous. One case was travel related. Among patients who developed symptoms after immigration, the mean time from exposure to symptom onset was 5.6 years (range 1\u201310 years). The mean time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 6.6 years (range 0.2\u201335 years). The autochthonous cases demonstrate that Israel is endemic of mycetoma. The immigrant population represents two distinct waves of immigration to Israel in the past century. Two unpublished cases of Ethiopian immigrants are the first reported cases of mycetoma acquired in Ethiopia. The diagnostic and therapeutic challenges along with the epidemiological data emphasize the need of raising the awareness of physicians to this devastating condition even in developed countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]],"date-time":"2017-06-07T17:09:21Z","timestamp":1496855361000},"page":"1355-1361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Mycetoma (Madura Foot) in Israel: Recent Cases and a Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Ohad","family":"Bitan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel."},{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonit","family":"Wiener-Well","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rina","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel."},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Geographic Medicine and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel."},{"name":"Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds","first-page":"31","article-title":"The madura foot: looking deep","volume":"11","author":"Venkatswami","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol","first-page":"315","article-title":"Mycetoma, a review","volume":"7","author":"Lichon","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"100","article-title":"Mycetoma: a unique neglected tropical disease","volume":"16","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"1873","article-title":"Eumycetoma and actinomycetoma: an update on causative agents, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy","volume":"29","author":"Nenoff","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e100590","article-title":"Autochthonous cases of mycetoma in Europe: report of two cases and review of literature","volume":"9","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Am J Med Sci","first-page":"142","article-title":"A painful thorn in the foot: a case of eumycetoma","volume":"334","author":"Rouphael","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg","first-page":"327","article-title":"Madura foot: atypical finding and case presentation","volume":"43","author":"Foltz","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Harefuah","first-page":"103","article-title":"Madura disease in Israel [in Hebrew]","volume":"13","author":"Dostrovsky","year":"1942"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"177","article-title":"Failure of sulphonamides and penicillin in maduromycosis","volume":"1","author":"Dostrovsky","year":"1948"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Dermatologica","first-page":"415","article-title":"A case of black grain mycetoma caused by a Madurella species","volume":"104","author":"Dostrovsky","year":"1952"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"AMA Arch Derm","first-page":"855","article-title":"Mycetoma pedis; four cases treated with streptomycin","volume":"75","author":"Ziprkowsky","year":"1957"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Isr J Med Sci","first-page":"900","article-title":"Mycetoma pedis, a report of two cases","volume":"9","author":"Schewach Millet","year":"1973"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","first-page":"260","article-title":"Mycetoma due to Nocardia caviae. 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