{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T14:22:59Z","timestamp":1790518979922,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic parasitic disease associated with suppressed T cell responses. Although parasites reside intracellularly in macrophages during chronic VL, neutrophils are the first host cell to infiltrate the infection site and phagocytose the parasite. Subsets of neutrophils with unusual characteristics have been documented in human VL, but whether the total neutrophil population is aberrant during disease is not known. Therefore, we examined phenotypic characteristics of unfractionated polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophils) from subjects with active VL, and compared these with neutrophils from healthy controls or subjects who have been treated for VL. The data showed decreased mRNA and diminished amounts of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8 (interleukin [IL]-8), increased IL-10 mRNA and protein, and elevated transcripts encoding arginase-1, which is involved in suppressing T cell responses. Neutrophils from VL subjects showed enhanced capacity to phagocytose <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. promastigotes. The results suggest that neutrophils may contribute to immunosuppression in subjects with active VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]],"date-time":"2017-08-01T07:00:45Z","timestamp":1501570845000},"page":"767-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Phenotype of Circulating Neutrophils during Visceral Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Smriti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Srivastva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth Sankar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Nyl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;"},{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;"},{"name":"Veterans\u2019 Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2016"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e35671","article-title":"Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence","volume":"7","author":"Alvar","year":"2012"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Cell Microbiol","first-page":"1290","article-title":"The impact of vector-mediated neutrophil recruitment on 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