{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:40:10Z","timestamp":1723070410502},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Malaria has been a military problem throughout history capable of causing epidemics that stop military operations. Individual mortality was examined from records of the three major wars of the 20th century that involved Australia in which 133 (1914\u20131919), 92 (1943\u20131945), and two (1965\u20131967) soldiers are known to have died with malaria. Those dying were predominately enlisted soldiers with a mean age of 29 years often complicated by other infections such as influenza, pneumonia or scrub typhus. Lethal epidemics of falciparum malaria occurred in Palestine\/Syria in October 1918 and New Guinea in September 1943 to March 1944. Although no Australian soldier has died in nearly 50 years from malaria, there were three serious falciparum infections in soldiers in East Timor 1999\u20132000 who might have died if intensive care had not been provided. Recent military deployments into Africa including United Nations contingents still show falciparum malaria\u2019s lethality despite the availability of effective malaria chemoprophylaxis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T07:00:44Z","timestamp":1497337244000},"page":"544-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Malaria-Associated Mortality in the Australian Defence Force during the Twentieth Century"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"G. Dennis","family":"Shanks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Army Malaria Institute, Enoggera, Australia;"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"2003","author":"Sweeney","key":"b1"},{"year":"2016","author":"Howie-Willis","key":"b2"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"1265","article-title":"Malaria in the Australian army in South Vietnam. Successful use of a proguanil-dapsone combination for chemoprophylaxis of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria","volume":"1","author":"Black","year":"1973"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"654","article-title":"Simultaneous epidemics of influenza and malaria in the Australian Army in Palestine in 1918","volume":"191","author":"Shanks","year":"2009"},{"year":"1945","author":"Fairley","key":"b5"},{"year":"1994","author":"O\u2019Keefe","key":"b6"},{"year":"1968","author":"Kiel","key":"b7"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Proc Helminthol Soc Wash","first-page":"15","article-title":"Malaria in US military personnel 1965\u20131971","volume":"39","author":"Canfield","year":"1972"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"328","article-title":"Malaria fatalities in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Walzer","year":"1974"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"320","article-title":"History of malaria in the United States naval forces at war: World War I through the Vietnam conflict","volume":"16","author":"Beadle","year":"1993"},{"year":"1923","author":"Gullett","key":"b11"},{"year":"1957","author":"Walker","key":"b12"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"941","article-title":"Synergistic mortality caused by Plasmodium falciparum during the 1918 influenza pandemic","volume":"92","author":"Shanks","year":"2015"},{"year":"1952","author":"Walker","key":"b14"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"257","article-title":"Malaria among prisoners of war in Siam (\u201cF\u201d Force)","volume":"43","author":"Wilson","year":"1949"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Travel Med","first-page":"76","article-title":"Imported malaria treated in Melbourne, Australia: epidemiology and clinical features in 246 patients","volume":"8","author":"Robinson","year":"2001"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1701","article-title":"High rates of malaria among US military members born in malaria-endemic countries","volume":"17","author":"Wertheimer","year":"2011"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care","first-page":"426","article-title":"Severe falciparum malaria in five soldiers from east Timor: a case series and literature review","volume":"29","author":"Blum","year":"2001"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"258","article-title":"An outbreak of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in US Marines deployed to Liberia","volume":"83","author":"Whitman","year":"2010"},{"year":"2015","author":"Davies","key":"b20"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1001822","article-title":"Screening and treating UN peacekeepers to prevent the introduction of artemisinin-resistant malaria into Africa","volume":"12","author":"Houston","year":"2015"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"159","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric outcomes after mefloquine exposure among U.S. Military service members","volume":"96","author":"Eick-Cost","year":"2017"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis","first-page":"471","article-title":"Malaria protection in Sierra Leone during the Ebola outbreak 2014\/15; The UK military experience with malaria chemoprophylaxis Sep 14\u2013Feb 15","volume":"14","author":"Tuck","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/2\/article-p544.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/2\/article-p544.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/2\/article-p544.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:18:28Z","timestamp":1723069108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/2\/article-p544.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0748","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]}}}