{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:48:15Z","timestamp":1790725695097,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Haiti has the highest burden of rabies in the Western hemisphere, with 130 estimated annual deaths. We present the cost-effectiveness evaluation of an integrated bite case management program combining community bite investigations and passive animal rabies surveillance, using a governmental perspective. The Haiti Animal Rabies Surveillance Program (HARSP) was first implemented in three communes of the West Department, Haiti. Our evaluation encompassed all individuals exposed to rabies in the study area (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 2,289) in 2014\u20132015. Costs (2014 U.S. dollars) included diagnostic laboratory development, training of surveillance officers, operational costs, and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). We used estimated deaths averted and years of life gained (YLG) from prevented rabies as health outcomes. HARSP had higher overall costs (range: $39,568\u2013$80,290) than the no-bite-case-management (NBCM) scenario ($15,988\u2013$26,976), partly from an increased number of bite victims receiving PEP. But HARSP had better health outcomes than NBCM, with estimated 11 additional annual averted deaths in 2014 and nine in 2015, and 654 additional YLG in 2014 and 535 in 2015. Overall, HARSP was more cost-effective (US$ per death averted) than NBCM (2014, HARSP: $2,891\u2013$4,735, NBCM: $5,980\u2013$8,453; 2015, HARSP: $3,534\u2013$7,171, NBCM: $7,298\u2013$12,284). HARSP offers an effective human rabies prevention solution for countries transitioning from reactive to preventive strategies, such as comprehensive dog vaccination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T16:07:46Z","timestamp":1489421266000},"page":"1307-1317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of a Novel Integrated Bite Case Management Program for the Control of Human Rabies, Haiti 2014\u20132015"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Eduardo A.","family":"Undurraga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Modeling Unit, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin I.","family":"Meltzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Modeling Unit, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cuc H.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charisma Y.","family":"Atkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Modeling Unit, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa D.","family":"Etheart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haiti Country Office, Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Port-au-Prince, Haiti."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max F.","family":"Millien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction Production et Sant\u00e9 Animale, Protection Sanitaire, Minist\u00e8re de l'Agriculture, des Ressources Naturelles et du D\u00e9veloppement Rural, Port-au-Prince, Haiti."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Adrien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology, Laboratorie and Research, Minist\u00e8re de la Sant\u00e9 Publique et de la Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"309","article-title":"Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper","volume":"85","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003709","article-title":"Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies","volume":"9","author":"Hampson","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"140","article-title":"Estimating the public health impact of rabies","volume":"10","author":"Coleman","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1389","article-title":"Current status of rabies and prospects for elimination","volume":"384","author":"Fooks","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Rabies. 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