{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T19:53:42Z","timestamp":1724874822143},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (SP) is a leading cause of child mortality globally, killing around half a million children aged 5 years and less per year. Nasopharyngeal carriage of SP is a prerequisite to disease, and the prevalence of colonization reaches 100% within the first few years of life. Serotype prevalence varies geographically, impacting the serotype coverage of pneumococcal vaccines, and serotype prevalence data are limited from large regions of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa. We enrolled 323 unvaccinated children, aged 4\u20137 years from coastal Kenya and obtained nasopharyngeal swab samples before and after vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine. Vaccination did not reduce the overall prevalence of pneumococcal carriage in our cohort, with 65 (20%) children colonized before vaccination and 63 (19.4%) colonized postvaccination. However, the prevalence of vaccine-included serotypes (vaccine strains) declined from 43% to 19% of positive swabs, whereas non-vaccine serotypes increased from 46% to 73%. This study contributes to the few data available regarding pneumococcal carriage and serotype prevalence in Kenya and is in concordance with reports of dynamic serotype replacement, driven by vaccine pressure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T07:00:34Z","timestamp":1519714834000},"page":"1046-1050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Children in Coastal Kenya"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Claire J.","family":"Heath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Nayakwadi-Singer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, UCSF Benioff Children\u2019s Hospital Oakland and Children\u2019s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Mutuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Mombasa, Mombasa, Kenya;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunstan","family":"Mukoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector Borne Disease Control Unit, Nairobi, Kenya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Desiree","family":"LaBeaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"year":"2017","author":"International Vaccine Access Center JHUBSoPH","key":"b1"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"93","article-title":"Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for childhood immunization\u2014WHO position paper","volume":"12","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"893","article-title":"Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates","volume":"374","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2009"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Epidemiol","first-page":"692","article-title":"Epidemiologic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants. 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