{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T18:02:42Z","timestamp":1783533762254,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the absence of a vital registration and health information systems, Indonesia does not have complete, accurate, and continuous data to summarize the mortality statistics of the population, nor determine the exact cause of death. Verbal autopsies performed in a community-based mortality surveillance have been used to provide information on the cause of deaths in such context. However, physician review of verbal autopsy can be expensive, time-consuming, and give inconsistent results, raising concern about its reliability. We used the Purworejo Health and Demographic Surveillance System\u2019s (HDSS) mortality data collected between 2000 and 2002 and assigned causes of death for all age groups using Interpreting Verbal Autopsy-4, analytic software that applies a probabilistic model. A total of 1,999 deaths were identified among 55,581 individuals surveyed in 14,409 households; 830 deaths were able to be recorded using the standardized World Health Organization (WHO) verbal autopsy questionnaire. We calculated the proportion of different causes of death and its incidence rate (IR) ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) to compare the IR per person-years-observation (PYO). The IR of stroke was 126.7 per 100,000 PYO (95% CI: 109.7, 143.7); acute respiratory infection including pneumonia was 70.8 per 100,000 PYO (95% CI: 58.1, 83.5); and the IR of other and unspecified cardiac diseases was 57.7 per 100,000 PYO (95% CI: 46.2, 69.2). Stroke was indicated as the leading cause of death among elderly people aged 50 years and above. Meanwhile, pneumonia as a communicable disease was found to be the most common cause of death among both 0\u201314-year-old children and elderly people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T07:00:29Z","timestamp":1507618829000},"page":"1461-1468","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Determining the Cause of Death: Mortality Surveillance Using Verbal Autopsy in Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Abdul","family":"Wahab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Purworejo HDSS, Indonesia;"},{"name":"INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana;"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifta","family":"Choiriyyah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purworejo HDSS, Indonesia;"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siswanto Agus","family":"Wilopo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purworejo HDSS, Indonesia;"},{"name":"INDEPTH Network, Accra, Ghana;"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","author":"CBS, NFPCB, MOH","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"611","article-title":"Sample registration of vital events with verbal autopsy: a renewed commitment to measuring and monitoring vital statistics","volume":"83","author":"Setel","year":"2005"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol","first-page":"509","article-title":"Effect of misclassification of causes of death in verbal autopsy: can it be adjusted?","volume":"30","author":"Chandramohan","year":"2001"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Int J Epidemiol","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of physician review, expert algorithms, and data-derived algorithms in adult verbal autopsies","volume":"28","author":"Quigley","year":"1999"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"22","article-title":"Comparison of physician-certified verbal autopsy with computer-coded verbal autopsy for cause of death assignment in hospitalized patients in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Leitao","year":"2014"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Pan Am Health","first-page":"21518","article-title":"Revising the WHO verbal autopsy instrument to facilitate routine cause-of-death monitoring","volume":"6","author":"Leitao","year":"2013"},{"key":"b7","author":"Byass","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Popul Health 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Paediatr","first-page":"66","article-title":"Infant mortality among Indonesian boys and girls: effect of sibling status","volume":"21","author":"Wahab","year":"2001"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"BMC Res Notes","first-page":"325","article-title":"Mortality in Central Java: results from the Indonesian mortality registration system strengthening project","volume":"3","author":"Rao","year":"2010"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Int J Cardiol","first-page":"934","article-title":"Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: statistics from World Health Organization and United Nations","volume":"168","author":"Finegold","year":"2012"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"680","article-title":"The rise of chronic non-communicable diseases in southeast Asia: time for action","volume":"377","author":"Dans","year":"2011"},{"key":"b16","author":"CBS","year":"2012"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Glob Health Action","article-title":"Prevalence of physical inactivity in nine rural INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance systems in five Asian countries","volume":"2","author":"Ng","year":"2009"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e33075","article-title":"Factors associated with physician agreement and coding choices of cause of death using verbal autopsies for 1130 maternal deaths in India","volume":"7","author":"Montgomery","year":"2012"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Popul Health Metr","first-page":"49","article-title":"Validating physician-certified verbal autopsy and probabilistic modeling (InterVA) approaches to verbal autopsy interpretation using hospital causes of adult deaths","volume":"9","author":"Bauni","year":"2011"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Glob Health","first-page":"010402","article-title":"Comparing verbal autopsy cause of death findings as determined by physician coding and probabilistic modelling: a public health analysis of 54000 deaths in Africa and Asia","volume":"5","author":"Byass","year":"2015"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"204","article-title":"Assessing a new approach to verbal autopsy interpretation in a rural Ethiopian community: the InterVA model","volume":"84","author":"Fantahun","year":"2006"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Popul Health Metr","first-page":"21","article-title":"Verbal autopsy interpretation: a comparative analysis of the InterVA model versus physician review in determining causes of death in the Nairobi DSS","volume":"8","author":"Oti","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/5\/article-p1461.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/5\/article-p1461.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/5\/article-p1461.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T22:49:10Z","timestamp":1722466150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/97\/5\/article-p1461.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0815","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]}}}