{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T08:12:15Z","timestamp":1787904735987,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    High seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with camels were collected. Human and camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5\u201390) and 50% were males. A quarter (197\/760) of the participants reported having had contact with camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older camels over 4 years of age (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]],"date-time":"2017-06-07T13:09:21Z","timestamp":1496840961000},"page":"1318-1324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["No Serologic Evidence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Among Camel Farmers Exposed to Highly Seropositive Camel Herds: A Household Linked Study, Kenya, 2013"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Peninah","family":"Munyua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection Program, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Max","family":"Corman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany."},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Austine","family":"Bitek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Department of Veterinary Services; Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Osoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive and Promotive Health, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel A.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Lattwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EUROIMMUN AG, L\u00fcbeck, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Thumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya."},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rees","family":"Murithi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Department of Veterinary Services; Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Alain","family":"Widdowson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Disease Detection Program, Division of Global Health Protection, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Drosten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany."},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kariuki","family":"Njenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya."},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"1","article-title":"The epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2012\u20132015","volume":"45","author":"Alsahafi","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"647","article-title":"Transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in healthcare settings, Abu Dhabi","volume":"22","author":"Hunter","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0149988","article-title":"Comparative epidemiology of human infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome 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map","volume":"8","author":"Reeves","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref30","series-title":"J Sustain Dev","first-page":"74","article-title":"Camel farming sustainability: the challenges of the camel farming system in the XXIth century","volume":"6","author":"Faye","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1318.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1318.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1318.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T18:28:23Z","timestamp":1723055303000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1318.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0880","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]}}}