{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T07:25:07Z","timestamp":1773905107126,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Universal access to safe drinking water is a global priority. To estimate the annual disease burden of campylobacteriosis, nontyphoidal salmonellosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and norovirus attributable to waterborne transmission in Australia, we multiplied regional World Health Organization (WHO) estimates of the proportion of cases attributable to waterborne transmission by estimates of all-source disease burden for each study pathogen. Norovirus was attributed as causing the most waterborne disease cases (479,632; 95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 0\u20131,111,874) followed by giardiasis and campylobacteriosis. The estimated waterborne disability-adjusted life year (DALY) burden for campylobacteriosis (2,004; 95% UI: 0\u20135,831) was 7-fold greater than other study pathogens and exceeded the WHO guidelines for drinking water quality (1 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup> DALY per person per year) by 90-fold. However, these estimates include disease transmitted via either drinking or recreational water exposure. More precise country-specific and drinking water-specific attribution estimates would better define the health burden from drinking water and inform changes to treatment requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T16:08:17Z","timestamp":1489421297000},"page":"1400-1403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Burden of Disease Attributed to Waterborne Transmission of Selected Enteric Pathogens, Australia, 2010"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Katherine B.","family":"Gibney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"O'Toole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Leder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1659","article-title":"Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990\u20132015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"388","author":"Forouzanfar","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for All","author":"United Nations","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Guidance on the use of the microbiological drinking water quality guidelines","author":"Health Canada","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"J Water Health","first-page":"662","article-title":"Adoption of a microbial health-based target for Australian drinking water regulation","volume":"13","author":"O'Toole","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Australian Drinking Water Guidelines: Draft Framework on Microbial Health Based Targets","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council, Australian Government","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0145839","article-title":"World Health Organization estimates of the relative contributions of food to the burden of disease due to selected foodborne hazards: a structured expert elicitation","volume":"11","author":"Hald","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"176","article-title":"Disease burden of selected gastrointestinal pathogens in Australia, 2010","volume":"28","author":"Gibney","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Human Development Report 2015: Work for Human Development","author":"United Nations Development Programme","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health","first-page":"527","article-title":"Reported waterborne outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease in Australia are predominantly associated with recreational exposure","volume":"34","author":"Dale","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref11","series-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis","first-page":"57","article-title":"Estimating the relative role of various subcategories of food, water, and animal contact transmission of 28 enteric diseases in Canada","volume":"13","author":"Butler","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref12","series-title":"Int J Food Microbiol","first-page":"231","article-title":"Disease burden of foodborne pathogens in The Netherlands, 2009","volume":"156","author":"Havelaar","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref13","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1857","article-title":"Foodborne illness, Australia, circa 2000 and circa 2010","volume":"20","author":"Kirk","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref14","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1865","article-title":"Sequelae of foodborne illness caused by 5 pathogens, Australia, circa 2010","volume":"20","author":"Ford","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref15","series-title":"Communicable Diseases Surveillance in Singapore, 2014","author":"Ministry of Health Singapore","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"Commun Dis Intell Q Rep","first-page":"E48","article-title":"Australia's notifiable disease status, 2014. Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System","volume":"40","author":"NNDSS Annual Report Writing Group","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Notifiable Diseases in New Zealand: Annual Report 2014","author":"The Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Notifications of Water-borne Diseases (Campylobacteriosis, Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis) with Untreated Drinking-Water as a Risk Factor","author":"Environmental Health Indicators New Zealand","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis","first-page":"938","article-title":"Drivers of uncertainty in estimates of foodborne gastroenteritis incidence","volume":"11","author":"Glass","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis","first-page":"727","article-title":"Proportion of illness acquired by foodborne transmission for nine enteric pathogens in Australia: an expert elicitation","volume":"11","author":"Vally","year":"2014"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1400.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1400.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1400.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:24:55Z","timestamp":1723069495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1400.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0907","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]}}}