{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:40:09Z","timestamp":1723070409113},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We evaluated a new trachoma scarring ranking system with potential use in clinical research. The upper right tarsal conjunctivas of 427 individuals from Ethiopian villages with hyperendemic trachoma were photographed. An expert grader first assigned a scar grade to each photograph using the 1981 World Health Organization (WHO) grading system. Then, all photographs were ranked from least (rank = 1) to most scarring (rank = 427). Photographic grading found 79 (18.5%) conjunctivae without scarring (C0), 191 (44.7%) with minimal scarring (C1), 105 (24.6%) with moderate scarring (C2), and 52 (12.2%) with severe scarring (C3). The ranking method demonstrated good internal validity, exhibiting a monotonic increase in the median rank across the levels of the 1981 WHO grading system. Intrarater repeatability was better for the ranking method (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.74\u20130.94). Exhibiting better internal and external validity, this ranking method may be useful for evaluating the difference in scarring between groups of individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T16:07:54Z","timestamp":1489421274000},"page":"1378-1381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trachomatous Scar Ranking: A Novel Outcome for Trachoma Studies"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California."},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander M.","family":"Ryner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zerihun","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayalew","family":"Shiferaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dionna M.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Lietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California."},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"2142","article-title":"Trachoma","volume":"384","author":"Taylor","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref2","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"477","article-title":"A simple system for the assessment of trachoma and its complications","volume":"65","author":"Thylefors","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"485","article-title":"Trachoma: evaluation of a new grading scheme in the United Republic of Tanzania","volume":"65","author":"Taylor","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Assessment of herd protection against trachoma due to repeated mass antibiotic distributions: a cluster-randomised trial","volume":"373","author":"House","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref5","series-title":"Am Math Mon","first-page":"387","article-title":"A tournament problem","volume":"66","author":"Ford","year":"1959"},{"key":"ref6","series-title":"Int Health","first-page":"75","article-title":"Efficacy of latrine promotion on emergence of infection with ocular Chlamydia trachomatis after mass antibiotic treatment: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"3","author":"Stoller","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"143","article-title":"Comparison of annual versus twice-yearly mass azithromycin treatment for hyperendemic trachoma in Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised trial","volume":"379","author":"Gebre","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref8","series-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci","first-page":"592","article-title":"Age, sex, and cohort effects in a longitudinal study of trachomatous scarring","volume":"50","author":"Wolle","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref9","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Incidence estimates of late stages of trachoma among women in a hyperendemic area of central Tanzania","volume":"2","author":"Munoz","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref10","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"746","article-title":"Detection of diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmoscopy versus photography\u2013Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Report Number 5. The ETDRS Research Group","volume":"96","author":"Kinyoun","year":"1989"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1378.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1378.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1378.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T22:25:17Z","timestamp":1723069517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/96\/6\/article-p1378.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0958","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,7]]}}}