{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:26:12Z","timestamp":1749947172017},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We examined burden and factors associated with norovirus (NoV) acute gastroenteritis (AGE) among children in rural Guatemala. Children age 6 weeks to 17 years were enrolled into three AGE surveillance groups, using two-stage cluster sampling: a prospective participatory syndromic surveillance (PSS) cohort and two cross-sectional rapid active sampling (RAS) surveys, conducted from April 2015 to February 2016. Epidemiologic and NoV testing data were used to identify factors associated with NoV infection, AGE, and NoV+ AGE. The three cross-sectional surveys (PSS enrollment visit, RAS Survey 1, and RAS Survey 2) enrolled 1,239 children, who reported 134 (11%) AGE cases, with 20% of AGE and 11% of non-AGE samples positive for NoV. Adjusted analyses identified several modifiable factors associated with AGE and NoV infection. The cross-sectional RAS surveys were practical and cost-effective in identifying population-level risk factors for AGE and NoV, supporting their use as a tool to direct limited public health resources toward high-risk populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-1003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T06:03:43Z","timestamp":1504850623000},"page":"944-948","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rapid Active Sampling Surveys as a Tool to Evaluate Factors Associated with Acute Gastroenteritis and Norovirus Infection among Children in Rural Guatemala"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado;"},{"name":"Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado;"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Molly M.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Paniagua-Avila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Development, Fundacion para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FUNSALUD, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala;"},{"name":"Center for Public Health Initiatives, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Zacarias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Development, Fundacion para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FUNSALUD, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Samayoa-Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado;"},{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Cordon-Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin J.","family":"Asturias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado;"},{"name":"Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado;"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e1001999","article-title":"The vast and varied global burden of norovirus: prospects for prevention and control","volume":"13","author":"Lopman","year":"2016"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"Global Burden of Norovirus and Prospects for Vaccine Development","author":"Lopman","key":"ref2"},{"key":"ref3","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","first-page":"421","article-title":"Human norovirus transmission and evolution in a changing 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control","volume":"16","author":"Raphael","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref16","series-title":"J Med Virol","first-page":"1293","article-title":"Prevalence and genetic diversity of norovirus among patients with acute diarrhea in Guatemala","volume":"85","author":"Estevez","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref17","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Norovirus infection and acquired immunity in 8 countries: results from the MAL-ED study","volume":"62","author":"Rouhani","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref18","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e564","article-title":"Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED)","volume":"3","author":"Platts-Mills","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref19","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"209","article-title":"Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study","volume":"382","author":"Kotloff","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref20","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1291","article-title":"Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to identify causes of diarrhoea in children: a reanalysis of the GEMS case-control study","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref21","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J","first-page":"127","article-title":"Norovirus in Latin America: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"O\u2019Ryan","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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