{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:20:22Z","timestamp":1790835622658,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rodents are the main reservoir animals of leptospirosis. In this study, we characterized and quantified the urinary excretion dynamics of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> by <jats:italic>Mus musculus<\/jats:italic> infected with 2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> virulent <jats:italic>Leptospira borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> serogroup Ballum. Each micturition was collected separately in metabolic cages, at 12 time points from 7 to 117 days post-infection (dpi). We detected <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> in all urine samples collected (up to 8 per time point per mouse) proving that <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> excretion is continuous with ca. 90% live <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> Ballum, revealed by viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microscopic visualization by Live\/Dead fluorescence confirmed this high proportion of live bacteria and demonstrated that <jats:italic>L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic> Ballum are excreted, at least partly, as bacterial aggregates. We observed two distinct phases in the excretion dynamics, first an increase in <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> concentration shed in the urine between 7 and 63 dpi followed by a plateau phase from 63 dpi onward, with up to 3 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup> <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> per mL of urine. These two phases seem to correspond to progressive colonization of renal tubules first, then to stable cell survival and maintenance in kidneys. Therefore, chronically infected adult mice are able to contaminate the environment via urine at each micturition event throughout their lifetime. Because <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> excretion reached its maximum 2 months after infection, older rodents have a greater risk of contaminating their surrounding environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T07:00:33Z","timestamp":1500361233000},"page":"1088-1093","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Continuous Excretion of Leptospira borgpetersenii Ballum in Mice Assessed by Viability Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Marie-Estelle","family":"Soup\u00e9-Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur International Network, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noum\u00e9a Cedex, New Caledonia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Bierque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur International Network, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noum\u00e9a Cedex, New Caledonia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Geroult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur International Network, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noum\u00e9a Cedex, New Caledonia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Teurlai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur International Network, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Epidemiology and Infectious Research and Expertise Unit, Noum\u00e9a Cedex, New Caledonia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrille","family":"Goarant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur International Network, Institut Pasteur in New Caledonia, Leptospirosis Research and Expertise Unit, Noum\u00e9a Cedex, New Caledonia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"757","article-title":"Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance","volume":"3","author":"Bharti","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003898","article-title":"Global morbidity and mortality of leptospirosis: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Costa","year":"2015"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","first-page":"736","article-title":"Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen","volume":"7","author":"Ko","year":"2009"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Exp Med","first-page":"341","article-title":"The rat as a carrier of Spirochaeta Icterohaemorrhaguae, the causative agent of Weil\u2019s disease (Spirochaetosis 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