{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:04:17Z","timestamp":1787508257797,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Old World species of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    typically cause visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Mucosal involvement is typically seen with infection by\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    species found in South America, usually after the healing of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We present five imported cases of mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Old World Mediterranean\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    exclusively affecting the nasal mucosa or vocal cord. In only one case was there a recollection of a preceding cutaneous lesion compatible with cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Of significance was that four out of five cases were receiving local corticosteroids for chronic lung disorders and four were systemically immunosuppressed. This report highlights the importance of considering mucosal leishmaniasis in the differential diagnosis in those presenting with upper respiratory tract mucosal lesions with a relevant travel history to the Mediterranean and in whom malignancy has been excluded.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,12]],"date-time":"2017-10-12T02:03:13Z","timestamp":1507773793000},"page":"1116-1119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Case Report: Old World Mucosal Leishmaniasis: Report of Five Imported Cases to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Trupti A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenis K.","family":"Scadding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, Warwick Hospital, Warwick, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana N.","family":"Lockwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Tropical Diseases, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2013"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"306","article-title":"Leishmania tropica-isolated patient with visceral leishmaniasis in southern Iran","volume":"74","author":"Alborzi","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3","year":"2010"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"959","article-title":"Indian kala-azar caused by Leishmania tropica","volume":"345","author":"Sacks","year":"1995"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Mandell, Douglas and Bennett\u2019s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","article-title":"Leishmania species: Visceral (kala-azar), cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"Magill","year":"2009"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"73","article-title":"Epidemiology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis","volume":"156","author":"Jones","year":"1987"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol (Engl Ed)","first-page":"843","article-title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis: epidemiological and clinical aspects","volume":"73","author":"Lessa","year":"2007"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"147","article-title":"Localized mucosal leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum: clinical and microbiologic findings in 31 patients","volume":"82","author":"Aliaga","year":"2003"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis","first-page":"165409","article-title":"Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in immunocompetent patients: an underdiagnosed disease","volume":"2013","author":"Cocuzza","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Parasitol Res","first-page":"959","article-title":"Mucosal Leishmania infantum infection","volume":"109","author":"Richter","year":"2011"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Infez Med","first-page":"233","article-title":"Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Tiseo","year":"2008"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"614","article-title":"Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum: biochemical characterization","volume":"43","author":"Alvar","year":"1990"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Postgrad Med J","first-page":"757","article-title":"New World leishmaniasis from Spain","volume":"78","author":"Tomson","year":"2002"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"E281","article-title":"Localized Leishmaniasis of the oral mucosa. 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